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¸ߤɽ魯 there is/are . . . . ʸѤŪ there ϡ¸ߤ there (existential there) 뤤ϵ there (expletive there) ȸƤФƤ롥OED Ǥ there, adv. θ4ˤˡƤ롥ϸűѸȤʤäƤꡤŤĤȤ狼롥ޤMED Ǥ thēr (adv.) 3a, 3b θΤȤˡ there ˡ¿ȤȤ˵ҤƤ롥
¸ߤ there ȯˤĤƤϡMustanoja (337) ʲΤ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥
ANTICIPATORY AND EXISTENTIAL 'THERE.' --- The use of anticipatory and 'existential' there goes back to OE . . . . In this function there occurs mainly in conjunction with intransitive verbs: --- an cniht þer com ride (Lawman A 26187); --- now knowe I that ther reson in the failleth (Ch. TC i 764); --- whilom ther was dwellynge in Lumbardie A worthy knyght (Ch. CT E 1245); --- him thenkth ther is no deth comende (Gower CA i 2714); --- and some þer were . . . That pleined sore (Lydgate TGlas 179). There is occasionally found also with transitive verbs, usually before an auxiliary of tense or mood: --- whan it was ones itend . . . þere couþe no man it aquenche wiþ no craft (Trev. Higd. I 223). . . . / It is unnecessary to explain this use of there as a reflection of Celtic influence on English, as has been done by W. Preusler . . . . The construction occurs in other Germanic languages too (e.g. Sw. där ligger en bok på bordet).
¸ߤ there űѸ줫鸫줿ȤϳΤʤ褦ʬۤˤĤƤϵ롥 (367) ˤȡԤˤäƤϡʸ Chron Bede ǤϾʤ Ælfric ˤ¿ȤԤ⤢Сʸ Beowulf ʤɤαʸǤ¿ȼĥԤ⤢롥OED 侮ꤤĤ褦
þa com þær gan in to me heofencund Wisdom. (Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. 1)
þa com þær ren and mycele flod and þær bleowun windas. (West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vii. 25)
7 þær is mid Estum ðeaw, þonne þær bið man dead, þæt. . . (''Or 20, 19--20)
On ðæm dagum þær wæron twa cwena (Or 46, 36; in Latin "Duae tunc sorores regno praeerant")
þær wæs sang and sweg samod ætgædere fore Healfdenes hildeswican (Beowulf 1063)
Traugott (218--19) ˤСűѸǤϤιʸǤ뤳ȤϳΤʤ褦ޤʸ̮θȡȤ櫓äդħäΤǤϤʤȤǽŦƤ롥
Mustanoja, T. F. A Middle English Syntax. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, 1960.
С סرѸ I١Ѹ8罤۽Ź1980ǯ
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. "Syntax." The Cambridge History of the English Language. Vol. 1. Cambridge: CUP, 1992. 168--289.
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