hellogѸ˥֥               ǿ     helhub (The HEL Hub) 2013-11     ڡ     ɽ    

hellogѸ˥֥ / 2013-11-03

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

2013-11-03 Sun

#1651. j g [alphabet][grapheme][grammatology][spelling][pronunciation][g][j][caxton][flemish]

ε#1650. ʸǤȤƤ j Ω ([2013-11-02-1]) Τ <j> ˤĴ٤ƤȤˡScragg (66--67fn) ˵Ƥ <j> <g> ŪطˤĤƤƶܤȤޤä

In Old French orthography, the sound /dʒ/ (Mod. Fr. /ʒ/) was represented <i> (<j>) before <a o u> and <g> before <e i>. The convention was carried into Middle English in French loanwords, and survives, for example, in jacket, join, July, germ, giant. The resulting confusion with <g> for /g/ has sometimes been avoided by extending <j> to positions before <e> and <i>, e.g. jet (cf. get), jig (cf. gig), or alternatively the French convention of using <gu> for /g/ was adopted (guess, guide). In the sixteenth century, <gu> for /g/ was more widespread than it is today (e.g. guift, guirl 'gift, girl'), and some printers followed Caxton, whose long association with the Netherlands led him to use <gh> for /g/ very frequently (e.g. gherle, ghoos, ghes, ghoot 'girl, goose, geese, goat'). Sixteenth-century books often have <gh> where modern spelling has <gu> (e.g., ghess, ghest), and the Oxford English Dictionary even records ghuest. Sixteenth-century familiarity with Italian literature may have contributed here, as Italian has <gh> for /g/. In English it survives only in ghost, ghastly and gherkin.


ʤȼΤ褦ˤʤ롥ե󥹼Ѹ̤줿ѸǤϡե󥹸ֻޤͤơ/ʤ/ Фֻ򡤸³첻ˤä <g> <j> ˳Ƥ<g> Ͻ /g/ ɽ路ƤΤǡ<g> <j> βбϸ§ȤưʲΤ褦ˤʤäƤ


<i><e><a><o><u>
<g>/ʤi/, /gi//ʤe/, /ge//ga//go//gu/
<j>

/ʤa//ʤo//ʤu/


첻 <g> ǽ¿ˤʤäƤȤ狼äΤ2Ĥˡä1Ĥϡ<j> = /ʤ/ б³첻μˤ餺̤˲뤳Ȥˤäơ<g> = /ʤ/ ϢۤƤȤˡǤ롥⤦1Ĥϡ<g> 첻֤dzμ¤ /g/ ɽ褦ˡƤӥե󥹸ֻ򻲾Ȥơ<gu> Ѥ褦ȤˡǤ롥η̡Ūֻȥե󥹸ŪֻäơʲΤ褦ʬۤ򼨤褦ˤʤä


<i><e><a><o><u>
<g>(/ʤi/, /gi/)(/ʤe/, /ge/)/ga//go//gu/
<gu>/gi//ge/


<j>/ʤi//ʤe//ʤa//ʤo//ʤu/


16ˤʤȡ/g/ βΤˡե󥹸줫Ѥ <gu> Τߤʤ餺Flemish ֻαƶ Caxton Ȥθ³Ȥˤ <gh> Ѥ褦ˤʤä <gh> ֻϸ˰ŪˤϤʤʤäghost, ghastly ʤɾθ˺פȤɤƤ롥Caxton Flemish ȤδؤˤĤƤϡ#128. deer Ρưʪפΰ̣ϤĤޤǻĤäƤ ([2009-09-02-1]) ӡ#435. <oa> ֤ε ([2010-07-06-1]) ⻲Ȥ줿
ʤ<j> ǻϤޤñϸ§ȤƱѸǤϤʤȤȤդäƤ

Scragg, D. G. A History of English Spelling. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1974.

[ | ѥڡ ]

2026 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2025 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2024 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2023 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2022 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2021 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2020 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2019 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2018 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2017 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2016 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2015 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2014 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2013 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2012 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2011 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2010 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2009 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

ǽ: 2026-06-26 03:46

Powered by WinChalow1.0rc4 based on chalow