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2014-03-11 Tue

#1779. ܿ٤ȼͽ¬ɸ [contact][old_norse][sociolinguistics][typology]

ε#1778. Ѹ츦 to-do list ([2014-03-10-1]) ǡThomason and Kaufman ̾˿줿 Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics (1988) ϡǯܿ (contact linguistics) 礭ʱƶڤܤǤ롥θ줫¿λ˴Ťܿ෿󼨤θθνפʥե󥹤ȤʤäƤ롥ѸˤȤδϢǤϡä˱ѸȸťΥɸȤܿ (Norsification) ˤĤλ䤭ĤġǤäťΥɸαѸؤοʱƶȤŪʤťΥɸαѸؤαƶϤФиƤۤǻǤϤʤܿˤѤζ٤ɽ魯5ʳΥ٥ΤΥ٥2?3˲᤮ʤȷŤΤƤεɤȤˡQʤơܤڤפ򤷤Ȥ򵭲Ƥ롥˴ؤƤ Thomason and Kaufman ζŪʽ긫ϡ#1182. ťΥɸȤθܿϤǤϤʤ ([2012-07-22-1]) ǰѤ̤Ǥ롥ʤȤϤThomason and Kaufman ؤȽ⾯ʤʤȤդäƤ
Thomason and Kaufman ϡܿ٤ȼͽ¬ɸȤơʲΤ褦ʼҲŪʹܤȸŪʹܤǧƤ롥

(1) (sociolinguistic) intensity of contact (46)
a) "long-term contact with widespread bilingualism among borrowing-language speakers" (67);
b) "A high level of bilingualism" (67);
c) consideration of population (72);
d) "sociopolitical dominance" and/or "other social settings" (72)
(2) (linguistic) markedness (49, 212--13)
(3) (linguistic) typological distance (49, 212--13)

Thomason and Kaufman ϡŪˤ (1) μҲŪʻɸŪ˽פǤ⤹롥ŪɸǤ (2), (3) ͿΤϡ촳Ĥ٤Ū㤤 ("light to moderate structural interference" (54)) ǤꡤŪˤϱƤȡ

. . . it is the sociolinguistic history of the speakers, and not the structure of their language, that is the primary determinant of the linguistic outcome of language contact. Purely linguistic considerations are relevant but strictly secondary overall. (35)


ξǡThomason and Kaufman ϡ(3) 2֤෿ŪʵΥˤĤƼΤ褦ʾQŪʸ򼨤Ƥ롥

The more internal structure a grammatical subsystem has, the more intricately interconnected its categories will be . . . ; therefore, the less likely its elements will be to match closely, in the typological sense, the categories and combinations of a functionally analogous subsystem in another language. Conversely, less highly structured subsystems will have relatively independent elements, and the likelihood of a close typological fit with corresponding elements in another language will be greater. (72--73)


Thomason and Kaufman ϡ¾λɸȤüԡʽġˤμҲŪ "attitudinal factors" ˤ⤿ӤӸڤǤ뤬äͽ¬Τ񤷤ɸǤ뤳Ȥ顤礿ˤȤ߹Ǥʤºݤˤϡ "attitudinal factors" ܿˤϺǤͿŪʤΤԤ褯褯ŤƤ뤳Ȥˤϰ㤤ʤ

Thomason, Sarah Grey and Terrence Kaufman. Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley: U of California P, 1988.

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