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#2289. ̿ʸ˼줬ʤ ([2015-08-03-1]) κǸ˴ñ˿줿褦ˡѸǤΰΥݥ饤ȥͥȥƥȤƤϡShakespeare ѽФ褦ˡI pray you/thee, prithee, I beseech you, I require that, I would that ʤɤ褯Ѥ줿Ѹˤʤȡä˸Τˤƿष17껶ȯŪ˸ϤƤ please (< if you please < if (it) please you) ͥȤʤäƤѤɽΤ褦ѲƤطʤˤϡäΤ
εˤĤƤϡplease Ω˴ؤʸˡȤƸŪ˹ͻ褦ȤΩ줬ǡҲʸ˳ؤ˸δܤȤΩ⤢롥ԤΩ줫ϡ㤨С19 pray 촶ȤƶŪʴްդĤ褦ˤʤäˡ̾ΰɽȤƤϤդ路ʤȴ褦ˤʤäȤƤ롥
Busse ˸Ω줫餳Ѳܶᤷλ˾ä꤫ʹؤȰܤȤݥ饤ȥͥȥƥžäΤǤϤʤȿ¬Ƥ롥Ť I pray you ΥפŬ (felicity condition) ϡä꤬ʹˡƤ餤ȻפäƤפȤǤΤФơ (if you) please ΥפǤϡä꤬ʹˡ褦Ȥտޤ뤫ɤ֤ͤפȤǤȤ㤤롥ԤŬϡCan/could you pass the salt? Τ褦ʵηѤˤ⸫ΤǤꡤΤ I pray you ʤɤ⸽Ūʶ롥
Busse (31--32) Ϥο¬Τ褦ˤޤȤƤ롥
Pragmatically, the redressed command and the question have in common that they ask for the willingness of the listener to do X (willingness on the part of the hearer being a felicity condition for imperatives to be successful). Yet, indirect requests with pray/prithee put the focus on the speaker and assert his/her sincerity: Speaker sincerely wants X to be done.
The diachronic comparison of requests with pray to those with please on the basis of the OED and the Shakespeare Corpus has led me to the assumption that the disappearance of pray in polite requests and the subsequent rise of please as a concomitant can be explained pragmatically. This is to say that at least in colloquial speech a shift in polite requests has taken place from requests that assert the sincerity of the speaker (I pray you, beseech you, etc.) to those that question the willingness of the listener to perform the request (please). . . .However, in more formal types of dialogue, verbs that express the speaker's sincere wish that something be done, such as I beseech, entreat, implore, importune, solicit, urge, etc. you still persist.
⤷ѲѸ줫ˤƤΥݥ饤ȥͥȥƥ礭ʿܡä꤫ʹؤξΰܹԡƤȤСϱѸ˼ҲΰȤʤ
Busse, Ulrich. "Changing Politeness Strategies in English Requests --- A Diachronic Investigation." Studies in English Historical Linguistics and Philology: A Festschrift for Akio Oizumi. Ed. Jacek Fisiak. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2002. 17--35.
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