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2016-07-19 Tue

#2640. Ѹˤλʬ [terminology][periodisation][language_myth][speed_of_change][language_change][hel_education][historiography][punctuated_equilibrium][evolution]

#2628. Hockett ˤѸν񤭸դäդδطɽ魯ľ ([2016-07-07-1]) ʵڤ­Ūˡ#2629. Curzan ˤѸν񤭸դäդδطˡ ([2016-07-08-1])ˤεǡHockett (65) "Timeline of Written and Spoken English" οޤ Curzan ͳǺƸơΰ̣ͤθ塤Hockett θŵdzսäƤߤȡHockett Ȥϡ񤭸դäդεΥˤȤ⡤षäդˤѲƤȤ¤ˤäȤǧơHockett Τˤλ¤ĴäȤȡͰŪߤ줿Ѹ˾λʬ (periodisation) մ뤿äΤǤ롥
űѸ졤Ѹ졤ѸʤɤλʬȤƱѸˤϤȡؼԤϡڤ줿ƻǤϸѲʾʤȤϡƤʤΤ褦˸򤹤롥űѸϿˤ錄äѲ˳ͤθǤꡤ줬11˵޷ѲħŤְܹԴפФȡƤ夤ѸȸƤФ褦ˤʤ롤
ϸѲѤǤ롥ºݤˤϡűѸǤ⡤ְܹԴפǤ⡤ѸǤ⡤ѲήϤǡۤ纹ʤ®٤Ǿ³Ƥ롥Τ褦ˡ褽®٤ѲƤ뤳Ȥɽ魯ľ Hockett οޤǤȤαľˤβˤơͰŪ˻ڤľζƤޤȡؼԤƬΤʤǤϿľ᡼Ĥ졤Ѳ֤볬ʷΥ᡼֤Ƥޤ줬롥
Hockett (62--63) ȤθդǡʬδˤĤƸäƤ餪

Once upon a time there was a language which we call Old English. It was spoken for a certain number of centuries, including Alfred's times. It was a consistent and coherent language, which survived essentially unchanged for its period. After a while, though, the language began to disintegrate, or to decay, or to break up---or, at the very least, to change. This period of relatively rapid change led in due time to the emergence of a new well-rounded and coherent language, which we label Middle English; Middle English differed from Old English precisely by virtue of the extensive restructuring which had taken place during the period of transition. Middle English, in its turn, endured for several centuries, but finally it also was broken up and reorganized, the eventual result being Modern English, which is what we still speak.
   One can ring various changes on this misunderstanding; for example, the periods of stability can be pictured as relatively short and the periods of transition relatively long, or the other way round. It does not occur to the layman, however, to doubt that in general a period of stability and a period of transition can be distinguished; it does not occur to him that every stage in the history of a language is perhaps at one and the same time one of stability and also one of transition. We find the contrast between relative stability and relatively rapid transition in the history of other social institutions---one need only think of the political and cultural history of our own country. It is very hard for the layman to accept the notion that in linguistic history we are not at all sure that the distinction can be made.


Hockett ϡˤˤʬˤϻȤؤۤͭϤʤǤʤ顤ȤؤȤȤʤФष Alfred, Ælfric, Chaucer, Caxton ʤɤ̾򴧤̾ꤹۤΤˤ褤ȽҤ٤Ƥ롥ζʬѸ򤹤Ѥ뤳Ȥ񤷤⸶§ȤƻʬΰյϤ褽Ȥؤ¸ˤʤȹͤƤ롥Ǥ˴٤ꤽˤʤä顤 Hockett οޤαľפФ褦ˤ
ʬˤĤƤ periodisation γƵ򡤸Ѳ®٤ˤĤƤ speed_of_change γƵ򻲾Ȥ줿Ȥ櫓ѲʬۤȤˤĤƤϡ#1397. ³ʿեǥ ([2013-02-22-1])#1749. οʲŤΥԡɡ ([2014-02-09-1])#1755. οʲŤΥԡ (2) ([2014-02-15-1]) ε򻲾ȡ

Hockett, Charles F. "The Terminology of Historical Linguistics." Studies in Linguistics 12.3--4 (1957): 57--73.
Curzan, Anne. Fixing English: Prescriptivism and Language History. Cambridge: CUP, 2014.

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