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Ϣ Hockett ˸Ѹ˴ؤʸѡȤƤ뤬ƱʸѲμ (kinds) ȻȤ (mechanism) ζ̤ˤĤ Hockett θ
ŪʸѲλȤơ[f] [v] ΩβDz夲褦űѸǤξ1Ĥβ /f/ ΰ۲ˤʤäѸǤϸƬʤɤ [v] ĥեñμѤʤɤ̤ /f/ /v/ ǤȤƤΩ褦ˤʤä
ѲˤĤơɤΤ褦ȤŪʲˤϰڿ줺ˡλ¤٤СϡֲѲפǤɽǤ롥֤ѲǤʤСѲäѲǤʤѲǤȤ롥ϡѲμ (kind) ˤĤƤθȤ֡졤äʤɤ̤1Ĥθ˴ŤʬǤ뤫顤θ˰¸ĤߤȤäƤ褤ȤѤС˱ѲμʬѤ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥
ѲλȤ (mechanism) Ȥϡ[v] βDzǤСŪˤɤΤ褦ʲơ۲ [v] /f/ Ω /v/ βǤϰ̤ΤȤξܺ٤ΤȤǤ롥ΥޥäơѸ줬 [v] Ƭʤɤˤĥեñܿ˵ڤǡƬ [f] ĸȤκǾФΩ[v] βDzΩȤȤǤʤβDzμºݤξܺ٤ˤĤƤϡ#1222. ե줬ѸβǤͿʱƶ ([2012-08-31-1])#2219. vane, vat, vixen ([2015-05-25-1]) ʤɤεȡˡȤߤˤ͡ʤΤ̤뤬㤨вѲ (sound change) (analogy) (borrowing) 3Ĥζ̤ꤹȤΥǼȤƴͿƤȤߤϡѤȤʤĤλȤߤꤹ뤫ˤĤƤŪ¿ͤΩ줬ꤦΤǡ¸αĤߤǤϤ롥
ѲμȻȤߤ̤٤ǤȤ Hockett μĥϡѲΥӥեȥե2üδطʬह뤳Ȥȡ2üδ֤ǺѤᥫ˥餫ˤ뤳ȤȤۤʤĤߤǤȤȤơαĤߤˤĤưȤγǰѸΥåȤƤ٤Ǥꡤ2ĤΤΤƱƤϤʤʤHockett (72) ۩
My last terminological recommendation, then, is that any individual scholar who has occasion to talk about historical linguistics, be it in an elementary class or textbook or in a more advanced class or book about some specific language, distinguish clearly between kinds and mechanisms. We must allow for differences of opinion as to how many kinds there are, and as to how many mechanisms there are---this is an issue which will work itself out in the future. But we can at least insist on the main point made here.
ϢơHockett (73) ϡѲλȤ (mechanism) ȸ (cause) ȤѸˤĤƤ⡤դƤ롥
'Mechanism' and 'cause' should not be confused. The term 'cause' is perhaps best used of specific sequences of historical events; a mechanism is then, so to speak, a kind of cause. One might wish to say that the 'cause' of the phonologization of the voiced-voiceless opposition for English spirants was the Norman invasion, or the failure of the British to repel it, or the drives which led the Normans to invade, or the like. We can speak with some sureness about the mechanism called borrowing; discussion of causes is fraught with peril.
Hockett εϡѲ what (= kind) how (= mechanism) why (= cause) Ѹ츯ˤĤƲƹͤƤ뵡Ȥʤä
Hockett, Charles F. "The Terminology of Historical Linguistics." Studies in Linguistics 12.3--4 (1957): 57--73.
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