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2016-07-12 Tue

#2633. ʤߴλϲɽ魯ȶǤʤΤ --- Present Perfect Puzzle [perfect][aspect][preterite][tense][adverb][present_perfect_puzzle][pragmatics][sobokunagimon]

#2492. ɽ魯ȴλΡԡ˶ ([2016-02-22-1]) Ǽ夲 Present Perfect Puzzle ȸƤФʸˡ꤬롥褯ΤƤ褦ˡߴλϲλؤȤ϶Ǥʤ㤨 Chris has left York. ȤʸˡŪʸˤơChris York ȯäΤϲΤϤΤؤ *Yesterday at ten, Chris has left York ȤʸˡŪȤʤäƤޤ "past-adverb constraint" ʤݤƤΤ뤳Ȥ񤷤"puzzle" ȤƤΤ
1ĤβˡȤƤƤΤ"scope solution" Ǥ롥ߴλư have ߤؤƤȤˡؤκѰ (scope) ʬޤˤϡξͤȤͤľΤ褦˸뤬Ĥ񤬤롥㤨СChris claims to have left York yesterday. Ǥϡ yesterday λѰ to have left York ޤǤޤǤꡤǤʸξλѰȰ㤤ʤ褦˻פ뤬ºݤˤϵƤΤǤ롥ޤǤϡߴλϡɤߤλؤȤⶦʤȤ뤳ȤǤʤĤޤꡤ*Chris has been in Pontefract last year. ʸǤǡ*Chris has been in Pontefract at present. ʸǤ뤳ȤǤʤ
ˡٻƤ뤤Ȥ "current relevance solution" 롥ߴλȤϡߤȤδϢɸʤǤȤͤޤDz鸽ߤؤη³򼨤Τ礿뵡ǽʤΤǤ뤫顤ȤζϵʤȤ롥üԤľˤ礦Ȥ뤬ȸߤδϢϡ¤ϲˤäɽ魯ȤǤǤϤʤȤȿ롥㤨СWhy is Chris so cheerful these days? --- Well, he won a million in the lottery. ǤϡߤȲδϢʤȤϸʤޤȸߤδϢ餫ǤäƤ⡤*Chris has been dead. ϵ줺Chris was dead. ϵ롥
Klein (546) Ͻ2ĤȽơŪʴ餳äTT (= "topic time" = "the time for which, on some occasion, a claim is made" (535)) TSit (= time of situation) Ȥ2λֻؼƳơ1ĤȯäΤʤǡTT TSit ɽȤΩƲŪʻ (p-definite (= point-definite)) ƤϤʤʤ󤬤Ȳꤷ

P-DEFINITENESS CONSTRAINT
   In an utterance, the expression of TT and the expression of TSit cannot both be independently p-definite.


Klein ε٤Ƹ뤳ȤϤǤʤĥ Present Perfect Puzzle 򤯸ϡˤϤʤˤȤȤ˵󤲤ƤʸϡŪ꤬ΤǤϤʤŪ˥ʥ󥻥󥹤ϤƤΤǤ롥"p-definite constraint" ϡΥѥ򤯤ȤǤǤϤʤ㤨 *Today, four times four makes sixteen. ʤƤʤΤʤ뤤ϥʥ󥻥󥹤ˤǤ롥Ǥϡư makes (TT) Today (TSit) ξΩơߤλɽ路Ƥ (p-definite) ˡŪʸȤʤΤȤ
"p-definiteness constraint" ϡ⤦1ĤΥѥβƤǤ롥

Klein, Wolfgang. "The Present Perfect Puzzle." Language 68 (1992): 525--52.

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