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2017-11-11 Sat

#3120. ²˱Ѹΰʪ뤳Ȥˤ Caxton [caxton][printing][standardisation]

Ѹ˾塤William Caxton (1422?--91) ϱѸưդʪȤƹΤƤ롥Caxton ϡ1476ǯ˥ȥߥ󥹥˰򹽤ܳŪ˰Ȥ򳫻ϤεȲȤȤƺǤʤȤϡïФơǽ񤫤줿ɤΤ褦ʽʪ뤫Τˤ뤳ȤǤ롥Caxton ϲ²͵ʾͤŪʤꡤ餬ɤߤäƤޥ󥹤ʪѸǡ˰뤳Ȥ˷᤿
Ūιʤξ˾Ȥ餻Х֥Τ褦ʤΤäKnowles (60--61) Τ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥

William Caxton was a businessman who operated for a long time from Bruges, in modern Belgium. At that time the Low countries were ruled by Burgundy, and Caxton's Burgundian contacts put him in a good position to exploit the aristocratic book market. When he transferred his printing press to England, he set it up in Westminster, which was not only close to the Chancery, but also the ideal place for him to contact his aristocratic customers. With the benefit of hindsight we know he was successful. But in the 1470s it must have been far from obvious that publishing in the vernacular was going to succeed at all. Publishing in Latin for an international readership might have looked more promising, but Caxton's competitors in this area failed . . . . Nor was the aristocratic market promising, for England was at the time embroiled in the internal dynastic struggles known as the Wars of the Roses. The fall of an aristocratic patron could have serious consequences for a businessman who was dependent on him to determine what was fashionable, and thus for the credibility of his literary publications.
   Aristocratic taste determined what Caxton decided to publish. He published the works of Chaucer, Gower and Lydgate rather than Langland and the northern poets . . . . In 1485 he published Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur. Some 28 of his 106 publications were translations from other languages . . . . However, taste determined not only what to publish, but the kind of English used. Caxton praises English influenced by French and denigrates native English. In his preface to the second edition (1484) of The Canterbury tales . . . he praises Chaucer, the 'laureate poete' who had 'enbelysshyd, ornated and made faire our Englisshe' which before was 'rude speche and incongrue'.


ºݡCaxton ܤĤ󥰥ɤǤαѸȤȤϡѸɼؤεϤäȤ顤θ⥤ꥢɥĤե󥹤ۤȯŸ뤳ȤϤʤäΰѤˤ⤢Ȥꡤ衼åѻԾƤˤƥΰΤۤͭ˾ä⤷ʤCaxton ϤФʤäΤǤ롥̤Ȥơ16ˤƥ󥰥ɤǽǤ줿ʪΤѸʳθΤΤϤ鷺1ۤɤäȤʥڥƥ꡼p. 206--08ˡ¯ΰŰǡ󥰥ɤ¾٤ðۤäȤõƤ
Caxton θΥ󥰥ɤΰȤιѸɸಽΤʤˤ᤿ʪäȤϴְ㤤ʤΰ̣DZѸ˾פʿʪǤϤ뤬طʤˤ Caxton εȲȤȤƤҤȺͳФؤäƤΤǤ롥
Caxton αѸ˾ɾˤĤƤϡ#241. Caxton αѸ1475ǯ ([2009-12-24-1])#297. ѤƳϱѸɸಽʤݤ ([2010-02-18-1])#871. Ѥȯˤֻθ경˷ӤĤʤäͳ ([2011-09-15-1])#1312. Ѥȯˤֻθ경˷ӤĤʤäͳ (2) ([2012-11-29-1])#1385. Caxton ֻɸಽ˹׸ʤäȹͤ뺬 ([2013-02-10-1]) 򻲾ȡ

Knowles, Gerry. A Cultural History of the English Language. London: Arnold, 1997.
ڥƥ꡼ɥ롼ˡ ʡˡذȤ̿ͥ󥹤ܤ١ҡ2015ǯ

Referrer (Inside): [2022-07-19-1] [2017-12-01-1]

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