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2017-11-18 Sat

#3127. ĸ줫鸽Ѹؤδܸο [word_order][syntax][typology][indo-european][germanic]

ε#3126. ̾෿ ([2017-11-17-1]) ǡĸδܸ礬 SOV äǽ˸ڤˤĤƤǮϤΤΡLass (218) ƱΤäƤ롥Lass ϡĸΤߤʤ餺ޥĸˤƤ⡤SOV δܸ礬¸³ƤȹͤƤ롥

It seems likely that PIE was basically SOV, though the daughter languages show a wide variety of orders, including SVO and VSO (the later (sic) particularly in Celtic). PGmc is usually taken as continuing this order, though there is of course considerable debate. As I remarked earlier, we can't reconstruct syntax by strict comparative method the way we do phonology or morphology; but in the case of Old English we do have at least fragments of an ancestor: the NWGmc runic corpus (third to seventh centuries AD). This corpus is small and often obscure; there are not that many inscriptions, and some are damaged, partly illegible, or uninterpretable. But it is a precious resource: it brings us as close as we can get to the foundations of Germanic, and contains the earliest pieces of Germanic syntax we have. (The oldest inscriptions predate the Gothic text corpus by some three centuries.) It is, despite its small size, rich enough to suggest reasonable ancestors for some major OE construction types, and gives us some material for constructing a syntactic history of the murky period between the two traditions. (218)


Lass Ϥθ "NWGmc runic corpus" S, V, O ͡ʸȤ߹碌ǼƤNWGmc ǤϡSOV Ȥʤ⡤¾夢Ȥ߹碌褦
Lass ϼˡ8κǽθűѸƥȤĴNWGmc Ʊͤˤۤܤ礬뤳Ȥǧ롥ʳˤܤ٤ϡ礿礬 SOV SVO ؤȰܹԤƤ˸Ƥ뤳Ȥä˼ˤƤηǤ롥°ˤƤ SOV 褯ݤƤ롥μȽ°κϡΥɥĸ䥪θ絬§ʤȤ뤬Ȥ PGmc λ夫Ѥ줿ħǤϤʤȯãǤȤߤʤ٤Ǥ롥ˤ衤9ȾޤǤˤϸűѸμδܸ SOV SVO ؤɤڤäƤ (Lass 224)
PIE NWGmc ˻ꡤOE Ф ModE ˻ޤǤΡS, V, O θˤĤơޤ󤷤Ƥ

PIE -- NWGmcᡦ°Ȥ˴ܸ SOV¾θ⤢
C8 OEδܸ SOV SVO ؽ˰ܹԤ¾θ⤢
C9 OEδܸ SOV SVO ذܹԤ°δܸϤޤ SOV¾θ⤢
Late OE°Ǥܸ SVO ذܹԤ¾θ⤢
MEᡦ°Ȥ˴ܸ SVO ذܹԤ¾θϾʤʤäƤ
ModEᡦ°Ȥ˴ܸ SVO ش˰ܹԤ¾θϻ¾ʤʤä


Lass, Roger. Old English: A Historical Linguistic Companion. Cambridge: CUP, 1994.

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