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2017-11-06 Mon

#3115. God Ĺ첻ȯ [pronunciation][meosl][vowel][pun]

ŪˡGod ȯϸޤǤޤû첻򼨤ƤѸǤϡꥹȯ [gɒd] ФơꥫȯǤ [gɑːd] 򼨤ԤŪǶĹ첻η̤ǤꡤŪû첻ǤäȤ¤򤯤ĤΤǤϤʤ¤ΤȤ God Ĺ첻 [goːd] Τ褦ȯ⡤ŪˤϹԤʤƤ褦űѸѸǤϡֿɤΡפȤȯۤ顤̾ God ȡŪĹ첻ķƻ good Ȥʤ館ꡤˤäƤƱ뤹ϸ (pun) ФйԤʤ줿ȤͷӤΰĶȵۤɤˡξ줬Ĺ첻ȯʸ̤ͻ礷Ƥޤä㤬롥
OED ˤϡGod Ĺ첻򼨺ֻʦ·ˤȤơʲ󤷤Ƥ롥

β. OE (rare) ME-15 good, eME ȝode, ME goed, ME goid, ME gooddes (plural), ME guodes (genitive, perhaps transmission error), ME-16 gode, lME goodyse (genitive), lME goyd; U.S. regional 18- gord; Sc. pre-17 goid, pre-17 19- gode, 18- goad.


OED Ǥϡ˸츻˼Τ褦˽Ҥ٤Ƥ롥פˡGod Ĺ첻ȯϡгʷˤƤѸ쳫Ĺ (Middle English Open Syllable Lengthening; meosl) η̤ȤƵ§Ū줿ΤǤȤ

In Old English the word is often collocated with the formally identical but etymologically unrelated word gōd GOOD adj., GOOD n., and the two words are not always easy to distinguish (compare discussion at GOOD adj., n., adv., and int.). Rare occurrences of the form good in Old English (see β. forms) may result from confusion of this kind. The association of the two words continues in later English, sometimes leading to the deliberate euphemistic substitution of forms of GOOD n. for GOD n. (frequently in oaths); such substitution is found in several modern regional varieties, especially in Scots (compare GOOD n. 3).

It is nevertheless likely that the majority of Middle English (and later) β. forms show a genuine lengthening of the stem vowel, probably arising originally from open syllable lengthening in oblique (disyllabic) forms; pronunciations reflecting the lengthened form gode are attested in modern English regional and nonstandard use, e.g. J. Wright Eng. Dial. Gram. (1905) 464/1 records the pronunciation /ɡo:d/ from east Devon. (The suggestion made in N.E.D. (1900) that the motivation for lengthening may perhaps have been expressive, i.e. 'from a desire to utter the name of God more deliberately than the short vowel naturally allows', is unlikely.) A later (early modern English) lengthening is shown by GAWD n. The modern Scots forms goad, gode at β. forms probably represent the half-close realization of short typical of many varieties of Scots.


MED God, god ˤ⡤"in ME , inflected forms with long vowel are attested in rime." Ȥ롥Ĺ첻 God μгʷ˸ꤵ줿Ϥ줬̵ God ˤȵڤȻפ㤬ѸǸ롥
Dobson (Vol. 2, 53 n3) ⡤ѸΥ󥰥䥹åȥɤǡGod Ĺ첻μ¸äȤˤĤƿƤ롥

The long close [o:] and the diphthong [uə] which occur in Scottish and Northern dialects in blot, cot, God, cock, cog, frost, sop, &c. (and in Devon in God) may develop by ModE lengthening of ME , but in many cases are probably due to a ME variant in ǭ developed by lengthening in the open syllable of the oblique forms.


God Ĺ첻ȯϡޥʡꥢȤȤƤŪ˳μ¤¸ߤΤǤ롥

Dobson, E. J. English Pronunciation 1500--1700. 1st ed. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1957.

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