01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
17αѸֻζ岽ɸಽ (standardisation) ˤĤ Scholfield (160) ηˤɸ̷˿Ƥ롥ֻѤʤʤäƤޤäȤˤꡤֻȯбطʤηϤϡ֤ФƤзФĤۤƤ줫ƤΤȤƶ⡤ϱѸνηϤ˸¤餺ɤνηϤˤƤϤޤϤȤ
Thanks to the completion of the fixing of lexical spellings associated with standardization, four centuries brought little apparent change to English writing. However, when we look more closely we see that, as happens sooner or later for all writing systems that have been standardized in the same way round the world in national languages, due to sound change, the letter-sound correspondences become ever more complex. The choice of English not to naturalize loanword spellings and only incompletely to apply reason to resolve inherited variation exacerbated this. In essence the fact that the spelling of English words has 'not changed' much in recent centuries disguises the fact that, as a consequence, the English writing system, in the sense of the letter-sound correspondences, has massively changed and become even more complex, while morphemic reference has strengthened. By contrast the appearance of writing was never quite so firmly standardized and has changed rather more due to technological change and the impact of universal psychological requirements.
Ѹֻɸಽ경ȤˤꡤѸηϤˤȯֻбطƩˤʤäƤȤΤϡ̣ǥͥƥ֤ʻŦΤ褦ʹ롥ѤФݥƥ֤˲뤳ȤǤ롥Ѹֻɸಽ경ϡѸηϤɽʸŪʤΤɽʸŪʤΤؤȥեȤȤǤ롥ԤθǤϱѸηϤΥȥԡ礷Ƥ褦ʹ뤬ԤβǤϤषȥԡϸƤȤǤ
ʲεǤĥƤ褦ˡḽѸֻδܸϡɽȤɽˤΤ
#1332. ѸȶѸֻηϤܼŪʺ ([2012-12-19-1])
#1386. Ѹʹߤ˳ΩƤɸֻηϤħ ([2013-02-11-1])
#2043. Ѹֻɽַǡ ([2014-11-30-1])
#2312. Ūɽܻؤֻפ ([2015-08-26-1])
Scholfield, Phil. "Modernization and Standardization since the Seventeenth Century." Chapter 9 of The Routledge Handbook of the English Writing System. Ed. Vivian Cook and Des Ryan. Abingdon: Routledge, 2016. 143--61.
2026 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2025 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2024 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2023 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2022 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2021 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2020 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2019 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2018 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2017 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2016 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2015 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2014 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2013 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2012 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2011 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2010 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2009 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
ǽ: 2026-07-01 06:06
Powered by WinChalow1.0rc4 based on chalow