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ؤǤ (category) ȤѸ줬Ѥ롥ȤȤůѸǤꡤܸΡơפϡΡؽС٤Ρֹ϶ơפȤȤФȤˡѸ category ɥĸ Kategorie ȤơůؤΰˡůϺʰˤäΤȤ롥ϥꥷ katēgoríā Ǥꡤư katēgoreîn kata- (against) + agoreúein (to speak in the assembly) 롥ָξǾǧ줦Ūʳǰβߤʤפۤɤθ˴Ťơꥹȥƥ쥹ϡʬκǤŪʵꡤʤǹǰפθȯŸʹߡŪʰŪʸƱΤΤν°ࡦפȯŸƤ
Ѹ category ⡤ޤ16ůѸȤƥƥ줫Ƴ졤17դѸȤƻȤФߤǤϡOALD8 "a group of people or things with particular features in common" ȤꡤﲽѸȹͤƤ褤
ǤϡؤѤơפȤϲѸȤäơŪñʤࡦפθǻȤ櫓ǤϤʤǤϡŪƤζƤߤ褦ʸˡǤʸˡ (grammatical category) ȤȤ뤬㤨п (number) ; (person) (tense) ˡ (mode) ʤɤ롥ư濴ȤŪޤˤƤ (gender or sex) ʤɸŪʤΤ⤢뤷ꡦ (definiteness) (aspect) ʤɤŪʤΤ⤢롥Ƥϱʸˡκܤˤ븶ǤꡤʸˡҤ˷礫ʤǰȤȤ館뤳ȤǤ롥Ǥ褦ʵϤ뤬ǤϡŪƤФȤΤ褷ƤΤϡBloomfield Ǥ롥ʲ˰Ѥ褦
Large form-classes which completely subdivide either the whole lexicon or some important form-class into form-classes of approximately equal size, are called categories. (270)
ʸˡ (gender) ǹͤƤߤȤ狼䤹̾ȤýȤȡ㤨ХեˤϷŪŪʿ˱ơϤ礭ۤʤʤ2ʬ礬̤롥̾̾դ¾̾̾դζ̤δΤȤƤƤ֡Ȥ櫓Ǥ롥
category θŪˡŪˡǤϤʤůŪˡܶᤷƤ뤳ȤϡŪƤΤθͼľ뤷䤹Ǥ롥ˤĤƤ⡤Bloomfield Ф餷
The categories of a language, especially those which affect morphology (book : books, he : she), are so pervasive that anyone who reflects upon his language at all, is sure to notice them. In the ordinary case, this person, knowing only his native language, or perhaps some others closely akin to it, may mistake his categories for universal forms of speech, or of "human thought," or of the universe itself. This is why a good deal of what passes for "logic" or "metaphysics" is merely an incompetent restating of the chief categories of the philosopher's language. A task for linguists of the future will be to compare the categories of different languages and see what features are universal or at least widespread. (270)
Bloomfield, Leonard. Language. 1933. Chicago and London: U of Chicago P, 1984.
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