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#2351. ե줫ζưμѡ ([2015-10-04-1]) Ⱥε#2395. ե줫ζμѡ ([2015-11-17-1]) ˤ褦ˡѸѸ˥եñΤߤʤ餺ɽѤƤȼĥƤμĥФƿŤΩԤ⤤롥1ͤ Sypherd Ǥ롥Sypherd ϥեˡĥ Sykes ˤʸ French Elements in Middle English (1899) ȽŸ
Sypherd οʤǤ롥Sykes եαƶȻŦƤѸζɽ¿Sykes μ夲Ƥʸᤤ˽줿 Ormulum ˸Ƥ뤳Ȥ¾Ū˼ΤǤ롥Ormulum ϡEast Midland 1200ǯ˽줿ȤĹʽǡŪˤŪˤեαƶʤȤƥȤǤ롥ΥƥȤϡषťΥɸθŪƶΤȤΤƤ롥ǡSypherd (6--7) ϡSykes Τ֥եˡפȤϡषťΥɸˡȤͤΤǤϤʤȡռ롥
Now, if in the Ormulum, a poem free from French influence, these phrases which Mr. Sykes ascribes to the Old French occur with considerable frequency, we are surely justified in denying the overwhelming French phrasal influence on Middle English. Furthermore, the justification of this denial is strengthened when we find that in Old-Norse literature anterior to or contemporary with Orm there exist in comparative abundance many of the identical phrases found in the Ormulum and in other Middle-English literature. And finally, though I do not urge it, the probability of considerable Old-Norse phrasal influence on Orm demands consideration, especially if we bear in mind the following facts: (1) the marked Old-Norse influence in general on Orm; (2) the Old-Norse literature in which these phrases occur in homiletic, sermonic; (3) much of the literature antedates the Ormulum.
Sypherd ϤθʸΤʤǡťΥɸʸαѸθˡˤ褽бɽФơƤ椯оݤȤʤäΤ "bear witness", "take baptism", "take flesh, humanity", "take death", "take example", "take heed, take keep, take ȝeme", "take end", "take wife", "take rest", "take cross" ưǤꡤɬ¿ʤ㼨ΤȤФϤ롥
εǤҤ٤褦ˡμѤ¾ڤ뤳ȤϰƳSypherd ⡤ʸɸ崶ȤƤϡե줫μѤȤ⤽ΤΤԤȽƤ褦ʹ뤬餯ĥΤϡΤ褦ˤϿŤ˸礦٤Ǥꡤ̤βǽθ٤Ǥ롤ȤȤ
Sypherd, W. Owen. "Old French Influence on Middle English Phraseology." Modern Philology 5 (1907): 85--96.
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