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2011-03-07 Mon

#679. assertion and nonassertion (1) [syntax][negative][assertion]

Ѹʸ ( sentence ) ˤϡʸ ( positive ) ʸ ( negative ) ʿʸ ( statement ) ȵʸ ( question ) Ȥ2ȤδŪΩ롥"He is honest." ȤʿʸˤȤȡ鼡Τ褦 2 x 2 ʸ롥

 statementquestion
positiveHe is honest.Is he honest?
negativeHe isn't honest.Isn't he honest?


ʬϡ2ȤΩˤ꤭줤ˤޤȤ졤򺹤;ϤϤʤ褦˸롥4Ĥʸʬहˡ¾ˤ⤢ꡤʬѤȿθ롥礲ˤбѸѤΰüָ뤳ȤǤ롥
ϡassertion nonassertion Ȥ̤ΩƳˤäƲǽˤʤ (Quirk et al. 53--54) Ωˤȡʸ "He is honest." assertive Ȥʤꡤ3ĤʸϤ nonassertive Ȥʤ롥ʿʸǤ 'He is honest' Ȥ꤬̿ꤵƤ뤬ʸ䵿ʸǤϤ꤬̿ꤵ뤫դ뤫ǡˤƤϤƤʤassertion ȤˤäơʿʸȤʳȤ礭ʬ뤳Ȥˤʤ롥ǡ嵭 2 x 2 ɽؤäƼΤ褦ʿ޼롥

              +----- assertion ( "He is honest." ) 
              |
sentence -----+                        +----- negative ( "He isn't honest." )
              |                        |
              +----- nonassertion -----+
                                       |
                                       +----- question ( "Isn't he honest?" )


nonassertion ʸ assertion ʸ̿δ֤ǤʤŪˤ operator ʤʸξˤ be ư is ˤο񤤤ѲȤǤ֤롥ˡassertion / nonassertion ΩϡʲΰϢбʬۤ롥some / any, somebody / anybody, something / anything, sometimes / ever, already / yet ƥڥθǡ ( assertive form ) ϤäѤʿʸ˸졤ʸ䵿ʸˤϤäѤ ( nonassertive form ) Ѥ롥
Τ褦ˡassertion ȤƳ뤳ȤǡѸιʸ˴ؤ뿷θ뤳Ȥʬ뤬1꤬ĤƤ롥굿ʸ "Isn't he honest?" οޤΤɤ˼ޤΤȤǤ롥굿ʸ nonassertion ˴ޤޤ뤳ȤϡŪˤ⡤Ūˤ⡤ޤ nonassertive form иǽǤǤ⡤ְ㤤ʤǤϡޤǼ negative question Ʊ֤Τ褤Τ뤤ϡnegative question Τ줫˶ӤĤƤꡤ˱ƳزפɬפΤˤĤƤεǡ

Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. A Grammar of Contemporary English. London: Longman, 1972.

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