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2011-03-13 Sun

#685. ʤѲˤ drift Τ (1) [drift][synthesis_to_analysis][grammaticalisation][unidirectionality][teleology]

Ѳ drift ֥ɥեȡήήѲפˤĤơܥ֥οǼ夲Ƥ (see drift) Ѹ drift ϥޥɤ drift ѾƤꡤԤϰ² drift ѾƤ롥ѸˤȴϢƻŦǤ⸲ drift ϡanalysis synthesis ؤθ෿ѲˤĤƤϡMeillet 򻲾Ȥ[2011-02-12-1], [2011-02-13-1]ʤɤǼ夲
ʤ drift ȤΤΤĹ餯ƤƤ뤬ޤ̤Ǥ롥Ѳˤ drift ϥήǤϤʤήؤ⡤û֤ήǤϤʤˤ錄äƻ³ήǤ롥Ի׵ĤʤΤϡѲμΤǤüԤϡѤݤ˲θѲήʤɰռ⤷ƤʤϤˤ⤫餺θѲή򼡤طѤǤ椯ȤǤ롥Ѳ drift ȤϡüԤΰռĶȤǺѤƤߤϤʤΤ⤷ȤȡüԤΩͭΤȤȤˤʤ롥褬Τɬ
drift ȤѸϡꥫθؼ Edward Sapir (1884--1939) ǽ˻ȤäΤǤ롥"Language moves down time in a current of its own making. It has a drift." (150) ȸäƤꡤ줽켫ΤưϤȤʤäή߽ФƤ뤫Τ褦ʵҤǤ롥θͭФ Sapir Ȥ褷Ƥս꤬롥

Are we not giving language a power to change of its own accord over and above the involuntary tendency of individuals to vary the norm? And if this drift of language is not merely the familiar set of individual variations seen in vertical perspective, that is historically, instead of horizontally, that is in daily experience, what is it? (154)


Sapir ϡѲ켫ȤϤˤäƤǤϤʤüԤˤŪѰ̵ۤռŪˤäȤȤǧƤϤ롥

The drift of a language is constituted by the unconscious selection on the part of its speakers of those individual variations that are cumulative in some special direction. (155)


üԤʤ drift ʬ褦ʶˡޤǤظѲ䤷ʤƤ椯ΤϡѤ餺̤ΤΤޤޤǤ롥ɤΤȤSapir drift Ȥ mystical impressive ʸݤǤȤΤ褦Ǥ롥

Our very uncertainty as to the impending details of change makes the eventual consistency of their direction all the more impressive. (155)


դäСSapir ϱѸ줬ä¾줫Ѥ뷹 drift ǤȹͤƤ롥

I do not think it likely, however, that the borrowings in English have been as mechanical and external a process as they are generally represented to have been. There was something about the English drift as early as the period following the Norman Conquest that welcomed the new words. They were a compensation for something that was weakening within. (170)


Ǹ "something" ȤϲʤΤ
ѲΰȤϡ30ǯδ֤ grammaticalisation θ椬ʤȤˤäƿ̿᤭ޤ줿grammaticalisation ϸѲ unidirectionality ˾ƤƤ뤫Ǥ롥Lightfoot ϡ˷㤷ۤ򾧤Ƥ롥⤷˰ drift Ȳꤹȡ̤˸ˤ˥ǤʤϤüԤˤθưϤ򵢤ȤϤǤʤȤȡϤʤΤmystery ʳΤʤˤΤǤʤǤϤʤ (International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, p. 399)
Sapir 衤drift Ϥޤ˲򤫤Ƥʤ

Sapir, Edward. Language. New York: Hartcourt, 1921.
Frawley, William J., ed. International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. 2nd ed. 2nd Vol. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2003.

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