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2011-03-08 Tue

#680. assertion and nonassertion (2) [syntax][negative][assertion]

ε[2011-03-07-1]˰³ʿʸ ( assertion ) ȡʸӵʸ ( nonassertion ) ΩˤĤơnonassertion ˤϡʿʸ ( "He isn't honest." ) 굿ʸ ( "Is he honest?" ) 굿ʸ ( "Isn't he honest?" ) 3Ūʸ뤬δطϤɤΤ褦ˤʤäƤΤСnonassertion ϤɤΤ褦ηϤʤƤΤ3Ԥδطˤ3̤꤬ͤ줽Ǥ롥

(1) nonassertion = negative-statement and positive-question and negative-question
(2) nonassertion = ( ( negative and positive ) -question ) and negative-statement
(3) nonassertion = ( negative- ( statement and question ) ) and positive-question

ɤ褬äȤ⥹ޡȤͤäơ󤷤 some / any sometimes / ever ʤɤ assertive form nonassertive form ΥڥפФ㤨 somebody anybody ͤʬ뤬ϢȤ nobody פ⤫֤ϤǤ롥Ʊͤ sometimes / ever never ۵롥θϡ2줫ʤΩǤϤʤ3줫ʤط򼨺ΤǤ롥ɽǼȰʲΤ褦ˤʤ롥

assertive formssomesomebodysomethingsometimes
nonassertive formsanyanybodyanythingever
negative formsnonobodynothingnever


ǿо줷3ܤ nobody never Τ褦 negative form ϡʿʸ˸Ǥʤ굿ʸˤ⸽ ( ex. "Have you never been to London?" ) ʤ굿ʸˤϸʤʬۤθȡ3Τ (3) ѤΤäȤ⥹ޡȤȤȤˤʤ롥(3) ѤƤ Quirk et al. (1975, p. 84) ͿƤ޼ѤΤ򼨤ʻͤޤǤ Quirk et al. (1972, p. 54) Ǥ (2) Ƥ

Nonassertion

εκǽ˼ 2 x 2 ñɽ٤ƿʬʣˤʤäassertion Ȥڤˤäơsome, any, no ʬۤʤɡ¿θݤǤ褦ˤʤä

Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman, 1985.
Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. A Grammar of Contemporary English. London: Longman, 1972.

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