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2014-05-23 Fri

#1852. Ѹˤľˡ߷ưθ NPTR [nptr][verb][conjugation][inflection][me_dialect][contact][suffix][paradigm][3pp][3sp]

ɸϡ#790. Ѹˤư޸ʬۡ ([2011-06-26-1]) Ǥñ˿줿Ϥ⤦ܤ夲ܤΤϡľˡ3;ñߤθȡʿ;ΤʤʣߤθǤ롥
ѸΰŪʬˤĤƤϡ#130. Ѹʬ ([2009-09-04-1]) #1812. 6ñѰۤǸѸ ([2014-04-13-1]) 򻲾Ȥ줿ľˡ߷ưθȤϡѸ礭3ʬ뤳ȤǤ롥 "the Chester-Wash line" ¦ (North)ʣ -eth ħȤ (South)δ֤˰֤ (Midland) Ǥ롥θˤĤƤϤ줾1ĤΥѥȤƤޤȤ뤳ȤǤ뤬Ǥϡ#689. Northern Personal Pronoun Rule ȱʸˡˤ륱ȸαƶ ([2011-03-17-1]) ˤ褦ˡưȤŪʴط˱2ĤΥѥब̤롥쵬§ "Northern Personal Pronoun Rule" 뤤 "Northern Present Tense Rule" ʰʲ NPTR άˤȤΤƤꡤMcIntosh (237) ˤСΤ褦꼰롥

Expressed in somewhat simplified fashion, the rule operating north of the Chester-Wash line is that a plural form -es is required unless the verb has a personal pronoun subject immediately preceding or following it. When the verb has such a subject, the ending required is the reduced -e or zero (-ø) form.


McIntosh (238) ˤNPTR αդѸ3Υѥ򼨤ȰʲΤ褦ˤʤ롥

(1) North (north of the Chester-Wash line)

i) subject not a personal pronoun in contact with verb

North: i)sg.pl.
1st person -es
2nd person 
3rd person-es


ii) personal pronoun subject in contact with verb

North: ii)sg.pl.
1st person -e, -ø (-en)
2nd person 
3rd person-es


(2) Midland

Midlandsg.pl.
1st person -en, -e (-ø)
2nd person 
3rd person-eth


(3) South

Southsg.pl.
1st person -eth
2nd person 
3rd person-eth


ơ⤷ΤζնΤϰǤϡNPTR θѥ (1) Ȥθʤѥ (2) Ȥͻ礷褦ʡѥ (1.5) ȤǤ⤤٤Τǧ뤳ȤǤ롥Ǥϡѥ (1) ˽äŪ NPTR ѤƤΤֲŪˤϥѥ (1) Ū -es ǤϤʤѥ (2) Ū -eth ѤƤΤǤ롥McIntosh (238) ˤꡤ֥ѥ (1.5)פ򼨤

(1.5) (1) (2) ζն "NE Leicestershire, Rutland, N. Northamptonshire, the extreme north of Huntingdonshire, and parts of N. Ely and NW Norfolk" (McIntosh 236)

i) subject not a personal pronoun in contact with verb

North/Midland: i)sg.pl.
1st person -eth
2nd person 
3rd person-eth


ii) personal pronoun subject in contact with verb

North/Midland: ii)sg.pl.
1st person -en (-e, -ø)
2nd person 
3rd person-eth


פˡϰǤϡֲŪŪħ򼨤ȤŪʥ٥ǤμѤȹͤ٤dialect mixture ȹͤ٤ŪˤҲŪˤⶽ̣򤽤븽ݤǤ롥

McIntosh, Angus. "Present Indicative Plural Forms in the Later Middle English of the North Midlands." Middle English Studies Presented to Norman Davis. Ed. Douglas Gray and E. G. Stanley. Oxford: OUP, 1983. 235--44.

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