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Smith ѲѤɽ魯ΤȤơ#1466. Smith ˤѲ3ʳ3 ([2013-05-02-1]) ȡ#1928. Smith ˤ٥γإǥưŪǥ ([2014-08-07-1]) Ҳ𤷤ϵŪʸѲθǤꡤʹԺߤΰݤͿ뤫⤷ʤSmith θѲϷ褷ƸμҲŪ¦̡üԤİԤȸδطʤˤƤ櫓ǤϤʤSmith (49) ϡѲμȤƤ variation ¸ߡ variation ΤʤθġθȤ٤ϡѼԤǤ˼Ƥ monitoring ȤѤȿؤ꤬ȽҤ٤Ƥ롥
Human beings are social creatures, and not simply transmitters (speakers) or receivers (hearers); they are both. When humans speak, they are not only producing sounds and grammar and vocabulary; they are also monitoring what they and others say by listening, and evaluating the communicative efficiency of their speech for the purposes for which it is being used: communicative purposes which are not only to do with the conveying and receiving of information, but also to do with such matters as signalling the social circumstances of the interaction taking place. And what humans hear is constantly being monitored, that is, compared with their earlier experience as speakers and hearers. . . . / This principle of monitoring, or feedback as it is sometimes called (Lyons 1968: 111), is crucial to an understanding of language-change.
üԤϼʬȯդ뤫˾դʧäƤ뤷İԤȯդΤ˾ˤθɸŪηϤȤƤ롥üԤİԤ⡤ȯ줿դƻܤ餻Ƥꡤߤ˥åäƤ롥2ͤθηϤϲʸˡäκˤƼ㴳㤷Ƥߥ˥ȼǤξȹȤ椨ˡߤ礭æ뤳ȤϤʤ2ͤθηϤϾͭƤꡤξΤΤư뤳ȤϤäƤ⡤ξԤȤ˰ưƤΤǤ롥줬Ѳˤˤ monitoring Ȥ
ͤθոΤʤѲ뤳ȤˤĤơ#866. üԤΰռ̻ŪʼϤ뤫 ([2011-09-10-1]) #1890. ФȤȤ˸ոѤ ([2014-06-30-1]) ǹͻƤmonitoring ȤͤϡˤƤƤĿͤƸѤʤǡüԤȤδ֤ monitoring ǽѤ monitoring η̤ȤơηϤξİưƤ⤷ʤˤΰư¥Ƥ⤷ʤ
monitoring ϡˤ뵬ϼȤ礤˴ط롥̾üԤİԤ monitoring λϡߤθѡ뤤Ϥ⤦餬°춦ƱΤˤ̤θѤ#1929. ؤΩ줫鵬ϼŪѤɤ٤ ([2014-08-08-1]) Ǽ褦ˡϼŪѤٸ춦ƱΤΤʤ˿ƩȡʸˡΤΤ monitoring λȤʤꤦ롥Ĥޤꡤʬ꤬εϤ餷Ƥ뤫ɤå礦Ȥ̾⤺ä©줷롥ϼŪѤȯãϡmonitoring ȤߤСmonitoring μ̤ŤǤȤ⤤뤫⤷ʤ
Smith, Jeremy J. An Historical Study of English: Function, Form and Change. London: Routledge, 1996.
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