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ε ([2014-08-11-1]) ǰѤ monitoring ˴ؤ Smith ʸϤǡLyons ȤƤLyons (111) äƤߤȡ첻λФˤĤƤսǡüԤİԤθߤ monitoring ѤȤ뤳ȤפȤݤεˤơfeedback 뤤 monitoring ȤɽƤ롥
In the case of speech, we are not dealing with a system of sound-production and sound-reception in which the 'transmitter' (the speaker) and the 'receiver' (the hearer) are completely separate mechanisms. Every normal speaker of a language is alternately a producer and a receiver. When he is speaking, he is not only producing sound; he is also 'monitoring' what he is saying and modulating his speech, unconsciously correlating his various articulatory movements with what he hears and making continual adjustments (like a thermostat, which controls the source of heat as a result of 'feedback' from the temperature readings). And when he is listening to someone else speaking, he is not merely a passive receiver of sounds emitted by the speaker: he is registering the sounds he hears (interpreting the acoustic 'signal') in the light of his own experience as a speaker, with a 'built-in' set of contextual cues and expectancies.
ѼԤĴŪȲŪȤƤФǤʤ첻λФˤϢưƤ롤Ȥ⤬ǾƤ롥Ϣơ#1656. γФΤγФΤ ([2013-11-08-1]) Ȥ줿
Lyons ϡȤƸ첻λФˤ monitoring κѤĴƤ뤬monitoring κѤϲʳ¾θˤƱͤ˸ȽҤ٤Ƥ롥
It may be pointed out here that the principle of 'feedback' is not restricted to the production and reception of physical distinctions in the substance, or medium, in which language is manifest. It operates also in the determination of phonological and grammatical structure. Intrinsically ambiguous utterances will be interpreted in one way, rather than another, because certain expectancies have been established by the general context in which the utterance is made or by the previous discourse . . . . (111)
monitoring ȴϢƴ (established)ʸ̮ (context)塼 (cue) ȤɤФƤСˤ϶ (collocation) (frequency) ʤɤȤѸ줬ФƤƤ⤪ʤѲδϡUsage-Based Grammar #1406. «ȤʤäƵ®ʸˡѲ ([2013-03-03-1]) Ǥߤ "clusters of bumpy change" ιͤȤطϡüԼΤǤϤʤİԼΤθѲ¿ʹ褦ˤʤäƤmonitoring ȤͤϡˤơüԡİԡפǤ뤳ȤǧƤ륭ɤȤ뤫⤷ʤϢơʹδͿ̣ѲˤĤơ#1873. Stern ˤ̣Ѳ7ʬ ([2014-06-13-1]) ⻲Ȥ줿
Lyons, John. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge: CUP, 1968.
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