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2014-06-04 Wed

#1864. ȴդٸ [frequency][lexical_diffusion][japanese][ranuki][japanese]

Ѳˤܤ (frequency) ˤĤơfrequency γƵȤ櫓#694. ٸԵ§ʣ ([2011-03-22-1])#1091. ;١ѡ ([2012-04-22-1])#1239. Frequency Actuation Hypothesis ([2012-09-17-1])#1242. -ate ưζܹԡ ([2012-09-20-1])#1243. ٤θ̻ŪΤˡ ([2012-09-21-1])#1265. ٤ȲѲνδط˵ŤƤ Schuchardt ([2012-10-13-1])#1286. ֲѲΰۤʤ2ưŤ ([2012-11-03-1])#1287. ưζܹԤ١ ([2012-11-04-1]) ͡˵Ƥ
ŪʰȤƤ Phillips ˤ#1239. Frequency Actuation Hypothesis ([2012-09-17-1]) ˴ؿƤ뤬̸ܸˤΤȴ (innovative potential) γȻ٤δĴʸ򸫤Ĥ󵯤Ƥ "Revised Frequency Hypothesis of Analogical Leveling (RFH)" ܤ줿
ʸǡԤ Matsuda ϤޤǤ˻ŦƤ͡ʸŪҲŪʸŪװ˴ͿŪŪ餫ˤ褦ȤθƤѿϰʲ̤Ǥ (12)

I. Linguistic
   1. Length of the stem [measured in mora]
   2. Conjugation type of the verb: i-stem/e-stem
   3. Conjugation form following the potential suffix: Negative/Others
   4. Morphological structure of the preceding stem: Monomorphemic verb/Compound verb/Auxiliary verb/Causative verb
   5. Type of clause in which the potential form is embedded:
      Main clause
      Semi-embedded clause (Adverbial clause/Gerund)
      Embedded clause (Quote/Relative clause/Predicate complement clause/Noun complement clause)
II. Social
   1. Age
   2. Sex
   3. Area of residence: Uptown/Downtown
III. Style (taken from Labov & Sankoff, 1988)
   Casual (narrative, group, kids, tangent)
   Careful (response, language, soapbox, careful)


Matsuda ϤѿʤȤ߹碌ˤθܤŪ˳ΤƤͳơȴդγ׿˴ͿŪǤ뤳Ȥ򼨤Sex Area of residence ʤͭպνФʤѿ⤢äơʬϤΤȤǡθǤϹθƤʤä٤ȤѿƳMatsuda ϡٸ̤ȤΤͤ褦ȤȤˡä٤θФ褤ΤȤܼŪ˸ڤƤ롥㤨 mirare(ru)/mire(ru) ʸʤˡʤˡˤξˤϡ촴 mir- ٤٤Τ뤤ܼ -are/-e ٤٤ʤΤԤǤСmir- Υȡ٤ȥ٤Τɤˤ٤ʤΤѸ drive--drove ʤԵ§Ѳư˸޸ݤ٤δʬϤˤϡޤΤΤ٤ˤФ褵Ūܸ mir-e(-ru) ʸʤˡˤξˤϡɤηǤ٤Ф褤Τ
ʾΤ褦ʹͻФơMatsuda ϶޷巿ȤǤϹθ٤٤ñ̤ۤʤäƤΤǤϤʤȤ򾧤롥줬Ҥ "Revised Frequency Hypothesis of Analogical Leveling (RFH)" (24) Ǥ롥

In analogical leveling, the token frequency of the unit undergoing the leveling and its degree/rate of leveling tend to show an inverse correlation, where the "unit" is defined according to the degree of fusion of the form undergoing the leveling with its neighboring morpheme(s). If the form is highly fused with the neighboring morpheme, the whole (morpheme, form) combination counts as a "unit" whose frequency is to be measured. If it is not, the form alone counts as a "unit," and its own frequency suffices as a correlate of the rate of leveling.


βѤСΤȴդĴη̵̤ʤǤȤĤޤꡤȴդγȻФơȿŪˡ˴ͿŪ٤Ȥϡβǽɽ魯ܼ -are/-e 켫ΤΥȡ٤Ǥꡤܤư촴Υȡ٤䥿٤ǤϤʤȡ
⤷Τ褦ˤפ뤬ѤʵȤơ٤㤤ܼȤäơʤ켫ȤοʿʤȴˤʤळȤˤʤΤ-are ˤƤ -e ˤƤ٤㤤ΤǤСʤԤԤִƤ椯ȤˤʤΤ

Matsuda, Kenjiro. "Dissecting Analogical Leveling Quantitatively: The Case of the Innovative Potential Suffix in Tokyo Japanese." Language Variation and Change 5 (1993): 1--34.

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