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2014-06-30 Mon

#1890. ФȤȤ˸ոѤ [age_grading][generative_grammar][language_change][terminology]

ͤθոϡǤѲ롥θոѲиĿͤ⤽˱ѲȤȤϡïŪθƤ̤Ǥ롥ʤɤθäϤ˵ڤФȯˡʸˡѲˤⵤŤʤ˱Ƥ롥ʤɤǤϡĿͤʸˡϰٽꤵ졤ʸˡѲϼλҶˤʬϤ̤ƤΤߵꤦȹͤƤ뤬ºݤθ챿ѤˤƤϡҲǿʹԤƤѲϡΤ˸ĿͤθȿǤƤ롥̻Ū˸ѲʤǤΤǤСƱߥ󥰤̻ŪƤüԤƤθոȿǤȤΤϡԤ
嵭ΰ̣Ȥϰۤʤ̣ǡֺФȤȤ˸ոѤפȤ롥㤨С̻Ū˵äƤѲȤľܤˤϴطˡФȤȤ˻ѸäѲȤȤϡߤʷиĻˤĻͭäشˤϽشħŤոҲͤˤʤмҲͤ餷ɽǯˤʤǯˤդ路Τθ롥ĿͤϡФȤȤˤǯˤդ路ոȤˤĤƤ椯Υѥϡ̻ŪʸѲ˽ΤʤǸոѲƤ椯ΤȰۤʤꡤ̾巫֤ΤǤꡤĹȤȤ˵ѲǤ롥ҲؤǤ age-grading ȸƤǤ롥γǰѸˤĤơ2Ѥ褦

age-gradingA phenomenon in which speakers in a community gradually alter their speech habits as they get older, and where this change is repeated in every generation. It has been shown, for example, that in some speech communities it is normal for speakers to modify their language in the direction of the acrolect as they approach middle-age, and then to revert to less prestigious speech patterns after they reach retirement age. Age-grading is something that has to be checked for in apparent-time studies of linguistic change to ensure that false conclusions are not being drawn from linguistic differences between generations. (Trudgill 6)

. . . it is a well attested fact that particularly young speakers use specific linguistic features as identity markers, but give them up in later life. That is, instead of keeping their way of speaking as they grow older, thereby slowly replacing the variants used by the speakers of the previous generations, they themselves grow out of their earlier way of speaking. (Schendl 75)


Wardhaugh (200-01) ˽Ҥ٤Ƥ륫ʥѸˤ age-grading 󤲤褦ʥ Ontario Toronto ǤϡҶϥե٥åȤκǸʸ򡤥ꥫȯ̤ػΥƥȤαƶ "zee" ȯ뤬ͤã "zed" ؤȥʥ롥ϲˤ錄äƷ֤ƤꡤŵŪ age-grading Ȥ롥
ޤθϡΤѤƤݼŪʷ֤ƤȰ̤˸롥ŤͷѸʤɤϢʤ³ƤΤǤ롥ޤǯˤϼʬȿоڤȤκ̲Ϥꡤ׿Ūʸո߽ФĤλˤ⸫롥ʹˤʤȡŻŪޤ "linguistic market-place" ΰϤΤȤǡ¿쾯ʤɸŪʷ֤Ѥ뷹Ȥ⤤ (Hudson 14--16) Τ褦ˡǯ̤θŪ񤤤ϡ˴ؤ餺η򼨤
(91--92) ꡤ#1529. ʤϸŪݼŪʤΤ (3) ([2013-07-04-1]) Ǵñ˿줿 age-grading ˤĤưѤ롥

ޤޤʼҲǡǯȸΥХꥨδط椵Ƥ뤬⤷ȯ1ĤϡɤμҲ񳬵Υ롼פˤĤƤ⤤Τ׽մʤ뤤Ϥ⤦㤤ǯμԤϼҲŪ㤯ߤƤХꥨͤˤ˹ǻȤȤȤǤꡤ covert prestige ŪҡˤȸƤФƤ롥ά̤ʸ򤹤Сǯ𤬾夬ˤĤơҲŪ㤤ȹͤƤʸˡѤϾʤʤäƤȤȤˤʤʤ age grading ȤФƤˡ


ǯؤˤϼҲŪˤؤˤդ路ȹͤƤ뿶񤤤Ԥ졤͡ϳͤ˽äƼҲĤǤ롥ο񤤤ΤʤˤϡոޤޤƤꡤ줬 age-grading ζưϤȤʤäƤΤ
Ϣơ#866. üԤΰռ̻ŪʼϤ뤫 ([2011-09-10-1]) ⻲ȡ

Trudgill, Peter. A Glossary of Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Wardhaugh, Ronald. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 6th ed. Malden: Blackwell, 2010.
Schendl, Herbert. Historical Linguistics. Oxford: OUP, 2001.
Hudson, R. A. Sociolinguistics. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CUP, 1996.
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