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2014-06-28 Sat

#1888. ѸȸƤ֤ȤˤĤ [gender][sociolinguistics][emode][personification][terminology]

ε#1887. ˤͤݤ4Ĥλ ([2014-06-27-1]) ǡѸˤˤʸˡ鼫ؤѲפͤݤ˴ͿΤϡgrammatical gender, lexical gender, referential gender 3ǤȽҤ٤ΤʸǤϤʤ⤷ʤˤ social gender ⤷äȴͿƤ롤ȤȽ뤫⤷ʤCurzan ϡѸˤȤƤʸˡ鼫ؤѲפȤ⤤ΤŦƤ롥
(natural gender) ȤѸ줬̣̾ƤΤϡϡ줬ؼƤоݤʪŪ (biological sex) ȰפȤȤǤ롥㤨Сgirl ȤϿͤνؼоݤȤΤǡȤƤ feminine Ǥꡤfather ȤϿͤؼоݤȤΤǡȤƤ masculine Ȥʤ롤ȤäǤ롥ޤbook λؼоݤǤǤʤΤǡȤƤ neuter Ǥꡤperson λؼоݤ˽ؤˤĤΩŪʤΤǡȤƤ common gender Ȥ롥Τ褦ˡιͤñǤꡤ츫Ϥʤ褦˻פ롥ƳѸȤСȤϡreferential gender Τޤ lexical gender ȿǤ줿Τȸ뤳ȤǤ
Curzan ϡּפΤΤ褦ûŪʤȤ館˵褷Ƥ롥Curzan ϡJoschua Poole, William Bullokar, Alexander Gil, Ben Jonson ʤɽѸʸˡȤˤϡؤθڤ¿ȤŦƤ롥㤨СJonson ϡ1640ǯ The English Grammar ǡAngels, Men, Starres, Moneth's, Winds, Planets ȤI'lands, Countries, Cities, ship ϽȤޤHorses, Dogges ŵŪEagles, Hawkess ʤɤ Fowles ŵŪ˽Ȥ (Curzan 566) Τ褦ʵʤʼȤϼΰۤʤǤꡤҲŪ˶ͭƤѡѡȿǤƤ褦˻פ롥Сεϡ social gender Τޤ lexical gender ȿǤ줿ΤǤϤʤ
εƧޤȡѸˤϳΩƤȤ뤤ּפϡºݤˤ (1) Ṳ̄ꡤreferential gender (biological sex) Τޤ lexical gender ȿǤ줿Τȡ(2) social gender lexical gender ȿǤ줿Ρ2 gender ͻ礷Ρʤ "lexical gender based on referential and social genders" ǤϤʤĹ󤷤򤱤뤿Υ硼ȥåȤȤơּפ뤤 "natural gender" ȸƤ֤ΤǤСϤǤ褤⤷ʤŪ򤵤Ƥּפ뤤 "natural gender" ȤƤ礭ۤʤäƤ뤳Ȥˤդ
Curzan (570--71) ʸϤѤ롥

The Early Modern English gender system has traditionally been treated as biologically "natural", which it is in many respects: male human beings are of the masculine gender, females of the feminine, and most inanimates of the neuter. But these early grammarians explicitly describe how the constraints of the natural gender system can be broken by the use of the masculine or feminine for certain inanimate nouns. Their categories construct the masculine as representing the "male sex and that of the male kind" and the feminine as the "female sex and that of the female kind", and clearly various inanimates fall into these gendered "kinds". Personification, residual confusion, and classical allegory are not sufficient explanations, as many scholars now recognize in discussions of similar fluctuation in the Modern English gender system. An alternative explanation is that what the early grammarians label "kind" is synonymous with what today is labeled "gender"; in other words, "kind" refers to the socially constructed attributes assigned to a given sex.


ε˴ŤʤСѸˤˤѲĬήϡΤˤϡgrammatical gender natural gender ءפǤϤʤgrammatical gender lexical gender based on referential and social gender ءפȤȤˤʤ
Ѹˤ뵼ˤĤƤϡϢơ#1517. ([2013-06-22-1])#1028. ʤ̾ȤߤʤƤΤ ([2012-02-19-1])#890. ͹ƬǾ acronym Ͻ̾¿ ([2011-10-04-1])#852. ̾̾ she (1) ([2011-08-27-1]) ڤӡ#853. ̾̾ she (2) ([2011-08-28-1])#854. ̾̾ she (3) ([2011-08-29-1]) ⻲ȡ

Curzan, Anne. "Gender Categories in Early English Grammars: Their Message in the Modern Grammarian." Gender in Grammar and Cognition. Ed. Barbara Unterbeck et al. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2000. 561--76.

Referrer (Inside): [2014-07-01-1]

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