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2014-10-23 Thu

#2005. üԺߤθѲؤηپ [sociolinguistics][language_change][causation][language_death][language_myth]

ɸˤĤơ#1992. Milroy ˤ쳰Ūװؤʸ ([2014-10-10-1]) κǸǴñ˿줿üԺߤθѲηĹػˤͭ̾ʤȤȤƤϡ#1118. Schleicher η ([2012-05-19-1]) Ǥߤ August Schleicher (1821--68) θͭ䡤#1579. ָϿʪǤפȡ ([2013-08-23-1]) ǰѤ Jespersen ʤɤԤ̾󤬤롥Milroy ϡŪüԺߤθѤηǤˤȡҲؤΩ줫üԸĿͤŻ뤹ŸƤΤ⤷Ȥ˼ҲؤǤüԸĿͤ䤬ɬŤ󤸤Ƥ櫓ǤϤʤҲؤǤ⡤üԤνĤȤƤΡüԼҲפȾñ̤Ȥߤʤ¤ˤơüԸĿͤϼξݤ롥ޥҲؤǤϡüԸĿͤδ餬ˤʡ#1380. micro-sociolinguistics macro-sociolinguistics ([2013-02-05-1]) 򻲾ȡˡ
Milroy Τ褦ˡѲˤüԸĿͤνĥߥԤ1ͤ Woolard 롥λ (language_death) 򰷤äʸΤʤǡWoolard ϸλΤ褦ʼҲŪʥɥޤϡüԸĿͤ濴˸ʤФʤʤʤ롥ζΤˤƤϡϰͥؤȹή« convergence θݤߤΤ¿θݤλ³ (maintenance) ȤΤˤشطȤŦФФʤ롥˵䤷ʤơͥؤιή«λλ³ȤΤ˰̴طȤĴ⤢롥Woolard ϤΤ褦ʴطǧ뤳Ȥ˿ŤǤ롥ȤΤϡΤ褦Ĵˤϡ켫ΤŬäƤȤͭȿǤǧ뤫ˤϤޤεͲȤüԸĿͤμξݤȤ꤬롥2ΰѤ̤ Woolard λʹ

When we deal with linguistic data as aggregate data, detached from the speakers and instances of speaking, we often anthropomorphize languages as the principal actors of the sociolinguistic drama. This leads to forceful and often powerfully suggestive generalizations cast in agentivizing metaphors: "languages that are flexible and can adapt may survive longer", or "the more powerful language drives out the weaker". If we rephrase findings in terms of what people are doing --- how they are speaking and what they are accomplishing or trying to accomplish when they are speaking that way . . . --- we may find ourselves open to new insights about why such linguistic phenomena occur. (359)

There is a wealth of evidence . . . that is suggestive of a causal relation, or at least a correlation, between language maintenance and linguistic convergence. In this most tentative of attempts to account for the intriguing constellations we find of linguistic conservatism and language death or linguistic adaptation and language maintenance, I have suggested we best begin by anchoring our generalizations in speakers' activities. Human actors rather than personified languages are the active agents in the processes we wish to explain . . . . (365)


Ūװȸ쳰Ūװζ̡ؤȼҲؤζ̡I-Language E-Language ζ̡θˤΩĤʤ󥿡եϡۤʤüԤǤ롥üԤϸⲽƤƱ˳ƼҲǻѤƤǤ롥
Woolard ʸ⤦1礭ɤ߼äΤǡոƤλ줬ͥعή«硤ι԰٤ "acts of creation" ʤΤ "acts of reception" ʤΤ뤤 "resistance" ʤΤ "capitulation" ʤΤȤɾ꤬롥ɾϤͥδˤλüԤˤȤäƤߤСή«ȼѲϡŪˤΤ褦ʼҲŪʰ̣礤ӤӤƤʤ¾θѲѤʤϤǤ롥˲餫ɾȤȤϡǤΩŪǤʤθǤϤʤҲؼԤɾŪǤ٤ݤ뤤ɾŪˤʤꤦ뤫ݤȤˤƿ󵯤ȼä

Woolard, Kathryn A. "Language Convergence and Death as Social Process." Investigating Obsolescence. Ed. Nancy C. Dorian. Cambridge: CUP, 1989. 355--67.

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