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٤ (speech) ˤ͡ʼब롥ä⤢Х䥸⤢뤷ռ⤢Ф⤢롥⡤Ƥⶵ١ԥåޤ͡ǤϡμΤ٤ʬहΤˡɤΤ褦ʴब̤ͤθС饳ߥ˥νɤΤ褦ˤɸãƤΤǴͿŪǤϲҲؼ Hymes ϡƬ SPEAKING ΤȤ8ĤǤǧƤ롥Hymes Wardhaugh (259--61) εҤˤäơñ褦
(1) Setting and Scene. ԤϤ٤꤬ԤƤ֤ȾؤԤŪǿŪʴĶؤ㤨СΥꥹޥΥåΤǯƬϡͭ Setting Scene äƤ롥ܤǤСŷŲοǯΤդͭ Setting Scene äƤ롥
(2) Participants. äʹꡥäǤξԤ֤ȯäΤֵ̾Ǥϼˤ٤ϰ̹ԤǡʹʣǤ롥αäǤϡäʹȤϡåȼȤΤŬˤƤϡʹϿǤ롥
(3) Ends. Τ٤̤ƴŪ˴ԤƤŪ뤤ä꤬ĿŪܻؤƤŪ㤨ˡˤȯϡȽ濳𡤸𡤾ڿͤΤˤäƤʤ뤫ˤä礭ۤʤŪġ뺧ˤȯäϡҲŪŪͭƤƱˡϺؤθĿŪŪͭƤ롥
(4) Act sequence. Ū˻Ȥ줿ɽˤĤơ줬ɤΤ褦˻Ȥ줿ΤԤȤɤΤ褦ʴطΤȤΤ٤ǤϡɤΤ褦ɽȯäƤꡤºݤ˲ԤƤΤȤǤ롥Ǥȯù (speech_act) ι̤ͤ롥#1646. ȯù٤ʸ ([2013-10-29-1]) ȡ
(5) Key. åݤΥȡͼ䵤ʬʤɡ٤꤬ڤ狼뤤ΤʳŪŪŪŪŪʹưȿꡤʤɤȼȤ⤢롥
(6) Instrumentalities. ߥ˥βϩ补äȤФդäſʤɤˤȤɤޤ餺Ѥ졤ɡѰ⤵code-switching ϡʣ instrumentalities Ȥʬ뤪٤λȤȤˤʤ롥
(7) Norms of interaction and interpretation. ٤տ魯ιưڤӤ˴ؤ뵬Ϥ礭ۡ碌äȤΩ֤˴ؤʪŪΥʤɤˤƤεϤʤɤޤޤ롥#1633. ٤̱ۤ²ء ([2013-10-16-1])#1644. ٤̱ۤ² (2) ([2013-10-27-1]) ȡ
(8) Genre. ȯäΥ롥Ȥ虜ʤʤⶵֵʤɤΤ˶̤ȯäμ
͡Ϥ SPEAKING γǤ˾դʧʤ餪٤ꤷƤȹͤ롥Wardhaugh (261) θ褦ˡ٤϶ˤʣʱİ٤Ǥ롥
What Hymes offers us in his SPEAKING formula is a very necessary reminder that talk is a complex activity, and that any particular bit of talk is actually a piece of 'skilled work.' It is skilled in the sense that, if it is to be successful, the speaker must reveal a sensitivity to and awareness of each of the eight factors outlined above. Speakers and listeners must also work to see that nothing goes wrong. When speaking does go wrong, as it sometimes does, that going-wrong is often clearly describable in terms of some neglect of one or more of the factors. Since we acknowledge that there are 'better' speakers and 'poorer' speakers, we may also assume that individuals vary in their ability to manage and exploit the total array of factors.
ʸˡäؽǤϸޥȤϤʤˤ٤ꤹ뤿ˤϡSPEAKING ҴǤ뤳ȤɬפǤ롥Ϣơ#1632. communicative competence ([2013-10-15-1]) ȡ#1652. 2콬Ǥ "communicative competence" ([2013-11-04-1]) ȡ
Wardhaugh, Ronald. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 6th ed. Malden: Blackwell, 2010.
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