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2014-10-11 Sat

#1993. Hickey ˤ쳰Ūװؤο [causation][contact][language_change][history_of_linguistics][toc]

ε#1992. Milroy ˤ쳰Ūװؤʸ ([2014-10-10-1]) ޤᡤ2;Τ˸ܿѲˤ쳰ŪװνˤĤʣε񤤤Ƥ (cf. [2014-09-25-1], [2014-09-26-1], [2014-10-04-1]) ϡΥХ󥹤뤿ˡ쳰ŪװФ뿵ߤƤHickey (195) ϡ餬ܿԤǤۤɤҤ"Language Change" ꤹʸϤǡܿˤѲˤĤŤʸ򼨤Ƥ롥

   Already in 19th century Indo-European studies contact appears as an explanation for change though by and large mainstream Indo-Europeanists preferred language-internal accounts. One should stress that strictly speaking contact is not so much an explanation for language change as a suggestion for the source of a change, that is, it does not say why a change took place but rather where it came from. For instance, a language such as Irish or Welsh may have VSO as a result of early contact with languages also showing this word order. However, this does not explain how VSO arose in the first place (assuming that it is not an original word order for any language). The upshot of this is that contact accounts frequently just push back the quest for explanation a stage further.
   Considerable criticism has been levelled at contact accounts because scholars have often been all too ready to accept contact as a source, to the neglect of internal factors or inherited features within a language. This readiness to accept contact, particularly when other possibilities have not been given due consideration, has led to much criticism of contact accounts in the 1970s and 1980s . . . . However, a certain swing around can be seen from the 1990s onwards, a re-valorisation of language contact when considered from an objective and linguistically acceptable point of view as demanded by Thomason & Kaufman (1988) . . . .


ܿϡѲʤǤϤʤѲɤ餭ˤˤθˤĤƤϲäƤʤȤȽˤθ˴ؤ¤ꡤΤˤȽŪͤƤ褦ˤפ롥θѲľܤΡָפȤϤ鷺Ȥ⡤Ū˰ˤʤäƤꡤǤ̤θǻϤޤäƤѲ˰첡äʤɡ餫ηǻͿװפȤơ꿵ŤˤСֽװ1ġפȤơٵҴŪ˻Ŧ뤳ȤΤǤܿλϤ롥ιʰ̣ˤָ쳰ŪװפʸĬϡΰѤˤ⤢Ȥꡤ1990ǯ夫򶯤ƤҤ줿̡ܿ쳰Ūװ°פ˷뤭餤Τˤ褦˻פ졤ηǰ狼ʤǤϤʤεǸ褦˸ŪװǥեȤȤƤѲˤĹפСܿʸɤιϤ褦䤯ϤޤäФΤ褦ˤ⸫롥
˰Ѥ Hickey "Language Change" ϡ¤줿ʤ⡤Ѳݤ褯ޤȤ᤿ɼβʸǤ롥ʲͤޤǤܼ󤲤Ƥ

Introduction
Issues in language change
   Internal and external factors
   Simplicity and symmetry
   Iconicity and indexicality
   Markedness and naturalness
   Telic changes and epiphenomena
   Mergers and distinctions
   Possible changes
   Unidirectionality of change
   Ebb and flow
Change and levels of language
   Phonological change
   Morphological change
   Syntactic change
The study of universal grammar
   The principles and parameters model
Semantic change
Pragmatic change
Methodologies
   Comparative method
   Internal reconstruction
   Analogy
Sociolinguistic investigations
   Data collection method
   Genre variation and stylistics
Pathways of change
   Long-term change: Grammaticalization
   Large-scale changes: The typological perspective
Contact accounts
Language areas (Sprachbünde)
Conclusion


Hickey, Raymond. "Language Change." Variation and Change. Ed. Mirjam Fried et al. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2010. 171--202.

Referrer (Inside): [2016-05-29-1] [2014-10-26-1]

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