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2015-05-20 Wed

#2214. this, that ñȤǿͤؤˤŪͳ [gender][deixis][gender][demonstrative][personal_pronoun][semantics]

ѸǤϡؼ̾Ǥ this, that, these, those ϳơñȤǡͤؼ뤳ȤǤ롥ñˤϤħ롥ñ this, that ñȤǿͤؤˤϡ§ȤƷŪʴްդȤΤܵǤϡThis is John. Τ褦ʿͤҲ𤹤ʸ̮ǤˡϽΤȤˡˡ˴ؿ򼨤 Poussa (401) ϡthat ΤˡνȤ OED 1905ǯʸƤ롥

'Would you like to marry Malcolm?' I asked. 'Fancy being owned by that! Fancy seeing it every day!' (Eleanor Glynn, Vicissitudes of Evangeline: 127).


Poussa ϡΤ褦 thatʤ thisˤˡ򡤱Ѹ˾塤ŪǶˤʤäƸ줿ΤȤҲŪľ򼨤 "comic-dishonourific" ˡȸƤ20ƬǤϤˡϤޤۤȤɵŤƤʤä褦ǡ㤨 Jespersen (406) ϡthis that ⤽ñȤǿͤɽ魯ˡϤʤȽҤ٤Ƥ롥

While in the adjunctal function the plural forms these and those correspond exactly to the singulars this and that, the same cannot be said with regard to the same forms used as principals, for here this and that can no longer be used in speaking of persons, while these and those can. The sg of those who is not that who (which is not used), but he who (she who); similarly there is no sg that present corresponding to the pl those present


this, that ñȤǿͤؼ뤳ȤǤʤäȤȡˡȤƿͤؤ褦ˤϤʤäΤΡŪʼҲŪľްդƤ뤳ȤȤϡ̵طǤϤʤthis, that ñȤǿͤؤΤˤϡޤ餫񹳴ΤȻפ롥
˸Ťˤ̤ȡűѸǤѸǤ⡤this, that ϡΤˤǤϤʤΤΡʣ these, those ȤȤñȤǿͤؤȤǤΤǤ (Jespersen 409--10) ǡñȤǿͤؤ this, that ΤĤƤˡʤѸľޤǤ˰öä뤳ȤˤʤäΤȤ̤꤬夬뤳Ȥˤʤ롥
Poussa ϡgender ȤճʴФơä3;̾줬ñǤ he, she ˽̤ʣǤ϶̤˶̤ they Ѥ¤ȡؼ̾ʬۤطŤΤǤ롥

Choices in the PE 3rd Person Pronoun System (Poussa)

ο (Poussa 405) ˼褦ˡȤ̤ʤʣǤϡ;̾ they Ϥ󡤻ؼ̾ these, those ñȤǿͤؤȤǤ뤬ñǤ̤Ǥ;̾ he, she Τߤǽǡ̤Ǥʤؼ̾ this, that Ѥ뤳ȤϤǤʤñǤϡthis, that ̤뤳ȤǤʤ椨ˡ֥åȤ櫓ΤȤϡʸˡȤȽ̤ƤűѸʬۿ (Poussa 407) Ӥȡ餫ˤʤ롥

Choices in the OE 3rd Person Pronoun System (Poussa)

űѸǤϡñǻؼ̾줬Ƚ̤ˡñȤǿͤؤȤʤƤ줿ȲǤ롥δ餹ȡޤ [-HUMAN] ΰ̣ƤʤȤȤǤ롥
Poussa ϡḽѸˤĤʤ "HUMAN" Ȥ̣ȯϡűѸ줫ѸˤƤʸˡηϤȴϢΤǤꡤؼηϤοʸϽФȿǤǤȤߤƤ롥Ѹˤ his its ȯŸ䡤ط̾ which who Իȯã⡤Ʊ˰͵򤷤ƤȤ (cf. #198. its ε ([2009-11-11-1])#1418. 17 its μơ ([2013-03-15-1]))
Poussa εȤСűѸ줫βѲˤäʸˡηϤ졤Ѹ˷ŪѲ뤳ȤȤʤä˶Ѹʹߤˡ;Ȥ̣ˤڤǤȤȤˤʤ롥Ѹˤʥɥޤ򴶤ʤ

Poussa, Patricia. "Pragmatics of this and that." History of Englishes: New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics. Ed. Matti Rissanen, Ossi Ihalainen, Terttu Nevalainen, and Irma Taavitsainen. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1992. 401--17.
Jespersen, Otto. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. Part 2. Vol. 1. 2nd ed. Heidelberg: C. Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1922.

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