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#999. ѲȾ ([2012-01-21-1]) #1118. Schleicher η ([2012-05-19-1]) εǡػˤˤͭ̾ΩǤ the family tree model the wave theory (Wellentheorie) δطػ˾ϡSchleicher Schmidt йȤƸڤ뤳Ȥ¿ѲŤΥǥȤƤϡषߤ䴰طˤ롥ɤ餬Ȥϡ줾δǤϤɤͭǤꡤξλԤ褷ꡤͻ礷ǤΤŪȤΤǤϤʤξԤδطͻˤäơPulgram ʸɤ
Pulgram (69) ϡʤ the family tree model οԤǤä19ӸؼԤϩͤäΤϡ餬 (1) ƸˤѰۤǧ᤺(2) ϢΤѲǽǧʤäȤ˵ȤǧƤޤСˡΤΤ¸Ωפɤ뤰ȤˤʤꡤϤǤǧʤäΤϩˤƳϩΤSchmidt the wave theory äSchmidt ϡϢ֤ǰפܤä硤ɬַѾפȤȤ⡤ŪŤơֳפ줿Ф褤ǤϤʤȤƤΤǤ롥Pulgram (70) ɾˤС
It was the great merit of Schmidt's wave theory to provide a visual scheme, entirely different from the family tree, which could plainly and correctly account for the overlapping of isoglosses and explain inconsistent partial similarities.
Schmidt ƤϡӸؤιԤͤޤȴƻͿƱˡ[2012-03-15-1]ε#1053. Ⱦȵڸ̡פǿ줿褦˸ (linguistic geography) ȯŸ¥Ȥˤʤä
Pulgram (72) ϡξǥȤ˸ѲˤȼλǤꡤޤǤθθ³ãޤˤʤ롥
If it is true . . . that the family tree and the wave diagram are usable not for the illumination of uncharted areas but merely for the illustration of the known or what is believed to be true, that they are representations of our two primary methods of investigation in accord with the principal types of linguistic differentiation, that they are complementary and no more exclude one another than do comparative linguistics and dialect geography, then it may be agreeable to use both types of visualization of linguistic processes as legitimate didactic devices, though always with due warning as to their figurative nature and their impermanence in the face of new discoveries and insights.
ޤ褦ɾȤơBloomfield Language (New York: 1933. p. 311) "The earlier students of Indo-European did not realize that the family-tree diagram was merely a statement of their method . . . ." ȰƤ롥
Ƭ the family tree model the wave theory ߤ䴰طǤȽҤ٤ξѤƤªʤ֤ޤꡤȯ³ʤФʤʤΤȡʸɤǧƱռ顤ˤַפȡֱƶפδطƹͤƤߤ[2010-05-01-1]ε#369. ˤƶפ[2010-05-03-1]ε#371. ƶɬ̤Ǥʤפȡˡ
Pulgram, E. "Family Tree, Wave Theory, and Dialectology." Orbis 2 (1953): 67--72.
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