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2015-07-14 Tue

#2269. ư֤ưѤ줿 by of ζ [preposition][passive][grammaticalisation][hc]

ɸˤĤľܡܤˡ#1333. ѸǼư֤ưѤ줿ֻ ([2012-12-20-1])#1350. ư֤ưѤ of ([2013-01-06-1])#1351. ư֤ưѤ줿 through at ([2013-01-07-1]) Ǽ夲ƤѸ줫ѸˤƤλ by of ζˤĤơPeitsara ʸɤΤǡη (398) ѤƤ

   I hope to have shown, firstly, that the by-agent prevailed in English in the 15th century, i.e. two centuries earlier than suggested so far. . . . The necessary consequence of the first conclusion is that agentive by can hardly have been rare before 1400.
   Secondly, it appears that there has not been a development from a general agentive of into a general agentive by in Middle English, but the two variants have existed side by side (possibly together with some others excluded from this study) fro some time. They were, however, not in free variation in the 15th and 16th centuries but had become specialized, partly according to the type of text and partly according to the semantic fields of the participles in the passive clause. This specialization was more complicated than, and partly different from, that described by some scholars, and it apparently involved foreign influence.
   Thirdly, the Middle English period was particularly favourable for the gradual grammaticalization of by in agentive function because of the heavier functional load of the preposition of and the lack of special grammaticalization for by.


ʸ1992ǯΤΤǤꡤ2015ǯθߤ餹ȺǿȤ櫓ǤϤʤΤΥϥƥġȤäƤ褤 Helsinki Corpus Ѥ㸦Ȥơܤ٤ΤǤϤ롥ԸȽŪɾġ˰͵򤷤ʤ顤by 15ޤǤ˼ư֤ưɽ魯ֻȤư̲ĤĤäʤƴްդȤƤϸʸˡˤȡ of ƱƱͤˡͭʤʣװˤäƻȤʬޥʡʪȤƵǽƤȤ餫ˤ
Ѥ2κǸʸˤ褦ˡPeitsara ϱѸǤֻ򤬥ƥե󥹸θˡ˱ƶǽˤڤǤ롥ƥ de of ˡե󥹸 par by 줾δͿͤ줽ºݤˤ Peitsara ϤǤͤùĴϤƤʤ̤ʰոҤ٤Ƥ櫓ǤϤʤθ椬ԤȤƱͤˡֻ򤬡ưʲʬˤΰ̣ˤ¸Ƥ餷ȽҤ٤Ƥ뤬ˤĤƤ⺣ĴԤ롥

Peitsara, Kirsti. "On the Development of the by-Agent in English." History of Englishes: New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics. Ed. Matti Rissanen, Ossi Ihalainen, Terttu Nevalainen, and Irma Taavitsainen. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1992. 379--99.

Referrer (Inside): [2021-08-09-1] [2020-08-04-1]

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