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2015-07-25 Sat

#2280. <x> [alphabet][grapheme][x][pronunciation][spelling][verners_law]

Ѹ쥢ե٥åȤ24ʸܤ <x> ˤϡԤΥ᡼ĤޤȤޤ1ʸʤΤ2ĤλҲ /ks/ бȤΤ٤⡤#308. Ѹκѱñꥹȡ ([2010-03-01-1]) Ǽ̤ꡤ<z>, <q>, <j> ˼ǵʸǤ롥̵̵ǺѤޤ줽ʸ
Ѹˤˤ <x> ñ˿֤äƤߤ褦ʸǤϡΤ /ks/ 뤤 /hs/ бʸȤƸűѸ줫鸫줿eax (axe), fleax (flax), fox, oxa (ox), siex (six), wæx (wax) ʤɤΰ찮ñ˸Τߤǡ餫ΩäʸǤϤʤä (Upward and Davidson 62) ñϡѸؤ <x> ݤäޤäƤ롥θ塤ѸȡˤäƤ <x> ¿ѤΤ⤢ä (cf. #663. Ѹؤˤֻȯδط ([2011-02-19-1])) Ϥ공٤ι⤤ʸǤϤʤä
Ѹˤʤȡ<x> ϥƥ䥮ꥷ줫μѸ¿ޤޤƤˡޤǤλ٤ƽи٤Ƭ ex- ¿θ˲ä anxious, approximate, auxiliary, axis, maximum, nexus, noxious, toxic ʤɤ˸줿Ǥ apex, appendix, crux, index ʤɤäۤˤ complexion, crucifixion, connexion, inflexion ʤɤ -xion 䡤ե󥹸줫 faux pas, grand prix˥ե󥹸ʣɽ魯 bureaux, chateaux, jeux ʤɡ<x> 뵡ܤ˸
<x> ϤȤ櫓ŪʼѸä¿롥Ƭ桤줾δĶ˸ <x> ⤦Ƥߤ褦 (Upward and Davidson 213--14)

θƬϡ xenophobia, Xerox, xylophone
θϡ anorexia, apoplexy, asphyxia, axiom, axis, dyslexia, galaxy, lexical, hexagon, oxygen, paroxysm, taxonomy
θϡ anthrax, calx, calyx, climax, coccyx, helix, larynx, onyx, paradox, phalanx, pharynx, phlox, phoenix, sphinx, syntax, thorax

Τ褦˥ƥ䥮ꥷ濴ȤѸäι׸礭ΤۤˤűѸ줫³Ҥθ췲 <x> ݻФǤʤcox (< cockswain) smallpox (< pl. of small pock) ʤɤṳ̂ˤäƺ줿 <x> 褦ˤʤäȤܤ롥20ˤϡƱͤṳ̂βФ sox (< socks), fax (< facsimile), proxy (< proc'cy < procuracy) ޤƤ롥

The X of cox 'boatman' arose from cockswain, while pox (as in smallpox) was respelt from the plural of pock (as in pockmarked). These replacements of CC or CKS by X are first attested in EModE; other examples are 20th-century: sox for socks, fax from facsimile. Proxy < proc'cy < procuracy. (Upward and Davidson 168)


ơѸˤ <x> ȯؤбCarney (377--78) ˵äƸƤߤ褦ƬǤϡ嵭1θˤߤ̤ /z/ ܤǤ롥㳰Ȥ Xhosa /ˈkoʊsə/ Xmas /ˈkrɪsməs, ˈɛksməs/ ˤ (<Xmas> Christ θƬҲб륮ꥷʸ <> ͳˡƬʳǤϡ³첻˶ /gz/ 롼 (ex. exact, exaggerate, exalt, examine, executive, exempt, exert, exhibit, exhort, exist, exonerate, exotic, exult) ʳϡ/ks/ ܤǤ (ex. axe, boxing, extra, fox, mixture, orthodox, praxis, texture, vixen, wax) . ֤Ǥ /ks/ /gs/ θؤˤĤƤϡ#858. Verner's Law ȻҲͭ ([2011-09-02-1]) ȡ#2230. Ѹ໤̵ͭʸ ([2015-06-05-1]) 򻲾Ȥ줿ۤˤϡ<i> <u> ֤ǡ/kʃ/ Ȥʤ뤳Ȥ (ex. anxious, connexion, flexure, luxury)
<z> ŪԤäȤϡ#446. ֤ȤĤäƤ <z> ([2010-07-17-1]) ǤǧȤ<x> 餱Ƥʤ̤Τοʪɽ魯Τ x äƤ봷뤬ͳԾܤǤ롥⤷ȡʤΤ̤ʤΤˤ <x> ԤȤƤߤͿƤΤǤϤʤȤ⵿롦

Upward, Christopher and George Davidson. The History of English Spelling. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.
Carney, Edward. A Survey of English Spelling. Abingdon: Routledge, 1994.

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