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ε#902. Ѥ䤹ܡ ([2011-10-16-1]) Ǽ夲 "scale of adoptability" ϡܤμѤ䤹ϡ줬ηϤ˹¤ŪȤ߹ޤƤ٤ȿ㤹Ȥݤäǡε䤬Ƥ롥ηϤι¤ϸˤäưۤʤΤ顤ŪѤ¿ȾʤȤΤ뤳ȤˤʤΤ
㤨СѸܸϤФмѤ¿ȸ뤬ϼѤʤȤʥɸ졤ʤɡˤȤӤˤƤʤƤڤˤʤѸѸˤƤθûˤϼѸˤȸƤ褤ۤɤǡѸǤƤΤΡ[2011-09-17-1]ε#873. ѸοˤʣΥХפȡˡѸΤѤˤȤȤԲǽǤϤʤ⤷ʤ[2010-07-01-1]ε#430. Ѳ˳װפǼ褦ˡɸϡּѸѤ붯פäƤȤ졤ѤʤŵȤƼ夲뤳Ȥ¿Τ褦˸ȡ֤ "scale of receptivity" ʤ롤Ѥμ䤹μ٤ߤ뤳ȤΤ褦˻פ롥Haugen (225) ˤСOtakar Vočadlo ȤԤhomogeneous, amalgamate, heterogeneous Ȥ3ʬ scale of receptivity ߤƤꡤμμ٤ŵƤȤ
֤μѤ¿ɤϤˤ衤줬칽¤˰¸ΤɤǤ롥Kiparsky ϡ칽¤¸ιͤꤷƤꡤѤ¿ɤüԤŪҲŪΩ˰¸ΤƤ (Haugen 225) ˤĤơHaugen (225) Ϥդ importation vs. substitution ζ̤ФơKiparsky ˶ᤤΩ줫鼡Τ褦˷Ƥ롥
Most of the differences brought out by Vočadlo are not differences in actual borrowing, but in the relationship between importation and substitution, as here defined. Some languages import the whole morpheme, others substitute their own morphemes; but all borrow if there is any social reason for doing so, such as the existence of a group of bilinguals with linguistic prestige.
Haugen θϤǤϡ㤨мѤ¿ȸѸȾʤȸ륢ɸκϡ¤ΤȤѤ¿ɤΤΤκǤϤʤ2ĤμѤˡ (importation and substitution) ΨκǤǽȤȤˤʤ롥importation Ф substitution ħϡŪŪ˼Ѥ餷ʤȤǤ뤫顤Ѥݤ substitution ˰¸Ψι⤤ϡʬѤξʤȤߤʤ뤳ȤˤʤξˡˤѤä碌ΤθμѤ̤ȹͤΤǤС̤˸Ƥۤɽ֤Ѥ¿ɤϤʤΤ⤷ʤѤεˤŪΩʤ loan translation ѡ semantic loan ʰ̣ѡˤɽ substitution νǧǤ롥
Haugen, Einar. "The Analysis of Linguistic Borrowing." Language 26 (1950): 210--31.
Vočadlo, Otakar. "Some Observations on Mixed Languages." Actes du IVe congrès internationale de linguistes. Copenhagen: 1937. 169--76.[sic]
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