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2011-10-19 Wed

#905. Ѹ򶦻ŪƱꤹ뤳ȤϤǤ뤫 (2) [borrowing][loan_word][phonemicisation]

ε#904. Ѹ򶦻ŪƱꤹ뤳ȤϤǤ뤫 ([2011-10-18-1]) ³ԡǼ夲Ƥ Haugen ʸǡFries and Pike ˤ붽̣̾ʸȤƤΤǡꤷɤǤߤѸββȰۤʤäƤ뤳ȤꡤκѸƱ˹׸뤫ݤȤɸȴؤäƤ뤫
ᥭ Oaxaca Υޥƥ²ˤää Mazateco Ǥϡ§ȤƤ٤Ƥ̵ĺɡθͭ롥㤨С /t/ ɡθǤϰ۲ [d] ȤƸ롥Ȥ㳰¸ߤ롥ڥѸ siento ɴˤǤϡ嵭θ§ˤɡθ [t] ȤθϹٸǡظ줬ʤˡ嵭θ§νפȿȤʤ롥ˤꡤ[nd] [nt] Ϥʬۤʤʤʤ뤿ᡤ¤ؤˡ˽С/d/ βǤȤƤϰ̤ǧᤶʤphonemicisation DzˤȤȤˤʤ
üԤȿĴȡsiento Τ褦ʶϤ㳰뤫Ȥäơ/d/ /t/ ȶ̤벻ǤȤưŪǧƤ뤳Ȥ򼨤ڵ϶ʤȤŪ minimal pair ƥȤ餫ˤȤȡüԤΰռȤϰۤʤȤȤ̷ä٤Fries and Pike ϼΤ褦ʷ˻롥

The Mazateco evidence points to the conclusion, then, that two or more phonemic systems may coexist within a single dialect, even though one or more of these systems may be highly fragmentary. (31)


siento ʤɤξͽϡ¸βημ˰֤Ť櫓ǤϤʤ㦤ΩĤ⤦1ĤβηϤ˰֤Ť졤ξηϤüԤǶ¸ƤΤǤϤȤǤ롥ĿͤˤʣβηϤζ¸ϡѸΤ⤿餹ۼʲ뤿˻ФͤǤϤʤ̾ȯäβηϤȤ䤭βηϤϰۤʤ뤷βηϤȤۤʤȤä褦ˡ͡ʼǸ븽ݤȤΤFries and Pike μĥǤ롥
Ǥϡդ˸ȡʬۤܺ٤Ĵ٤뤳ȤˤäơŪʲηϤ礿벻ηϤ̤ǤȤȤǤСԤħŤƤȹͤѸä򶦻ŪƱǤȤȤˤʤΤñ˹ԤʤεǤҤ٤褦ˡ˲ꤷξηϤʬȤȤϤޤdzΨǤꡤʬۤܤĴ٤ȤΤϤǤˤʤsiento ѸǤȤȤ̤ξڵˤʬäƤ뤬椨˲Ȥ󵯤ǤȤ𤬤ΤǤꡤդ󵯡äѤ鶦ŪʴѻȤˡ줬ѸǤ˰㤤ʤƤϤϤ񤷤褦
Fries and Pike ϡʲηȤƤǤϤʤȤƤ롥

In a purely descriptive analysis of the dialect of a monolingual speaker there are no loans discoverable or describable. An element can be proved to be a loan word only when two dialects are compared. The description of a word as a loan is a mixture of approaches: the mixing of purely descriptive analysis with dialect study, comparative work, or historical study. Dialect mixture cannot be studied or legitimately affirmed to exist unless two systems have previously been studied separately. It follows that in a purely descriptive analysis of one particular language as spoken by a bilingual, no loans are discoverable. (31)


̤ˡѸϼ¦θβ˵ۼ䤹뤤ϡϸθβݻȤƤ⡤֤ȤȤ nativise 䤹ϤޤθβΤΤ¦θƳ졤˴Ťƺ줿ο줬Ѹȶ̤ǤʤʤȤ⤢롥
εȹ碌ơȤơɸ䤤Ф No ȸ虜ʤ

Fries, Charles C. and Kenneth L. Pike. "Coexistent Phonemic Systems." Language 25 (1949): 29--50.

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