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[2011-10-14-1]ε#900. פǿ줿̤ꡤ (borrowing) ŪʲǤꡤŪʷ̤ǤϤʤ̤ȤƶŪѤƤΤϡޤǼѸäǤ롥̻ŪʼѤȶŪʼѸäδ֤˰̴ط뤳ȤϸޤǤʤä˶ŪʴξԤΤ˶̤٤Ǥ롥ϡ˴ؤ롥"Can loanwords be identified by a student who knows nothing of the previous stages of a language?"
줬Ѹ줫ݤ̤붦Ūˡ1ĤȤơѸμۼʲ֤뤫⤷ʤѸϡͼ˴ƱƤʤ¤ꡤͼ֤ѤǤꡤۼʤΤȤ⤭ΩäƤǽ뤫δŪǤϤʤƱȰۼδ֤ΤܤȤ
Now it would be impossible to deny that, as we have shown in a preceding section, many loanwords have introduced features of arrangement which are numerically less common than certain other features and which sometimes stand in other relationships to the rest of the language than the previously existent patterns. But to identify the results of a historical process like borrowing is simply not possible by a purely synchronic study. What we find when we study a structure without reference to its history is not borrowing or loans, but something that might rather be described as 'structural irregularity'. This is not an absolute thing: word counts have shown that patterns vary in frequency from the extremely common to the extremely rare, with no absolute boundary between the two. Patterns of high frequency are certain not to sound 'queer' to native speakers; just how infrequent must a pattern be before it begins to 'feel foreign'? (Haugen 229--30)
Ȥְۼʲ֡פΨŪ˳ФȤǤȤƤ⡤äˤϼѸΤߤʤ餺Ѹΰޤޤ뤳ȤˤʤѸǤʤ餽˴ޤޤʤΤФƤۼʲ֤äϡ줳ΨŪ˸äˤ"items of LIMITED LEXICAL DISTRIBUTION" (Haugen 230) "systemic fragments" (Haugen 231) ȸƤФƤޤˤʤ뤫⤷ʤ
̻ŪʲǤѤη̤ȤƤμѸäüԤζŪʸμä˲ˤˤȿǤƤ뤫 --- Ūĩޤ礭Ǥ롥
Haugen, Einar. "The Analysis of Linguistic Borrowing." Language 26 (1950): 210--31.
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